#: locale=pt

## Hotspot

### Tooltip
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_85EE2E62_9A1E_3921_41DC_5C232EC86AEB.toolTip =  Atomic model of septins
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5C4FF6D3_5D94_0921_41D1_723595D2929C.toolTip =  Electromagnetism laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_F0FD244F_ABAD_E9E7_41DF_AFD613F3B7EB.toolTip =  Fichas LNNano's areas of activity
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_A474F22E_9A1A_0920_41D6_664D4CEC14B1.toolTip =  Green foam in an aquatic environment
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_A77D3C23_9A1A_7927_41D6_7F1CD4F351ED.toolTip =  Green glue
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_8F006410_9A3A_08E1_41BA_37B87EA6E7C0.toolTip =  How small is a nanometer?
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D58581A0_9A1A_0B21_41E1_5E48E9AFA963.toolTip =  Micro and nanofabrication
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D7D7187F_9A26_191F_41DA_A819D5A4AF5C.toolTip =  Micro and nanofabrication
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_83135DDD_9A3A_3B60_41CC_8D0EEE6E6EC8.toolTip =  Scanning electron microscopy
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7785B4FA_5A7C_0AE0_41B6_2D51332CBEB3.toolTip =  Sensor to control ethanol quality
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_A4AB0C03_9A1A_38E7_41E1_845BECF30AA8.toolTip =  X-ray diffractometry
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_A4317776_9A1A_3721_41BD_FB033E51CF2F.toolTip =  X-ray excited photoelectron spectrometry (XPS)
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_A7EFCC9A_9A1B_F9E1_41DC_1A86F6E5DA9E.toolTip =  X-ray microtomography
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_FD9F22DC_7934_3BEC_41C0_8EB39D3FCAD3.toolTip = 3.3.9
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_99B34DCB_AADD_9AEF_41C4_42EE8E84E42F.toolTip = 3D Culture Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_9B73F830_AADD_99B9_41D0_0F83D86DFAA6.toolTip = 3D Culture Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D9A4E39A_8614_D6DB_41BE_3DB1B60A96A4.toolTip = 3D Culture Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D6829D70_9AFA_1B21_41E3_15764BA1F470.toolTip = 4.7.2
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_AD5FBFC8_9A1A_1760_41D3_53666E3A7C22.toolTip = AFM combined with infrared
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_DF2D3B86_79F4_4A5D_41D1_EBFF9F6DD22D.toolTip = Accelerator Tunnel Assembly
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_FC3F0F9C_E21B_801C_41B6_E849E0A74EA8.toolTip = Accelerator tunnel
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_9A196007_DDE9_2003_41DF_AAD8A4A3B52C.toolTip = Activated charcoal
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5C5431AF_5DB4_0B61_41D3_614072ECFEE2.toolTip = Advanced tool center and manufacturing
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_80433939_B4CB_FD0C_41C6_448E766EAA71.toolTip = Aerial view CNPEM
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_0514CCBE_7934_4FAC_41D7_8F26D6D96D4F.toolTip = An unprecedented building
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_89F1B23B_AAA6_A9AF_41E2_3922B3B3CB95.toolTip = Analytical Chemistry
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_772FE4AA_577A_1E38_41D3_327D2C91ADEF.toolTip = Analytical center
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BE392D87_9A6A_3BEF_41DC_177495DFD6FB.toolTip = Analyzing thin films using AFM
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_87D28B1C_9A2E_78E0_41D2_D92DF5152158.toolTip = Artificial photosynthesis
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BA7E0953_9A66_1B67_41CE_A1DE4E942F9F.toolTip = Atomic Force Microscopy
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_F29F7048_CB55_2D17_41D1_A4334244F7BC.toolTip = Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BE90EE53_9A6E_7967_41E2_F4EC77477ADF.toolTip = Atomically flat surfaces
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5FA33970_7BF6_F59B_41CB_CDDFFAAA319C.toolTip = Beamline: controlling the experiment and analyzing the data
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_600F0477_7B12_5385_41D5_1D8CE5C811EC.toolTip = Beamline: selecting and preparing the light
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_89636E9B_CB75_3529_41E0_18B10FF5CA9E.toolTip = Beamline: support preparing the samples
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_59E4111C_7B12_B58B_41A8_58E0AA6572B1.toolTip = Beamline: where the light meets the sample
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_ADBA1EB4_9A1A_1921_41E2_2E33354CF492.toolTip = Bio-AFM
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_8E1C8927_AAA6_9BA7_41D6_2593E8DE4678.toolTip = Bioassay Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E7A47862_AA66_99D9_41DF_ADEFBB26F9E9.toolTip = Bioassay Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_40E26557_572E_3E68_41BD_18336EA9EF9E.toolTip = Biodiversity and microbiomes
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E3F2F03A_DDDB_200D_41DB_32E9B99DC348.toolTip = Bioimaging Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_C8E4ACE8_9A6A_1921_41E2_66F27E14BC3B.toolTip = Biological and environmental models
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_685F24DB_573E_1E18_41D2_0942C13EF39F.toolTip = Biomass and the circular economy
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6B3DAA89_573A_0AF9_41D0_C140F428D5EA.toolTip = Biomass conditioning
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_33F8ADAF_5AC5_B95D_41CB_228708589FE8.toolTip = Biomass conditioning
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_657453B5_572A_1A28_41A4_D26DF39C328B.toolTip = Bioprocess facility
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_C9AC1C7B_B54B_3B0C_41AE_5A0E35A614AA.toolTip = Biosciences
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_A5F4F978_860C_5267_41D3_79473B05162B.toolTip = Biosciences
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_467B94FB_56EA_FE19_41CA_0BDE860EC1F4.toolTip = Biotechnology
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5675C115_7B13_D585_41BB_D52C895FDC05.toolTip = Biotechnology for sustainable agriculture
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_52EEF802_7B12_B37F_41C2_8F05511B44BA.toolTip = Biotechnology for sustainable agriculture
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_F52DB4AB_E20F_8025_41C2_12E4441841FB.toolTip = Booster
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_47269768_56EE_7A38_41CC_4179EB1C98DE.toolTip = Brazilian biodiversity
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5C51DBAD_7BEF_D485_41D0_969A2DDE6DB1.toolTip = Brazilian biodiversity: enzymes and microorganisms
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_464FB671_7CFE_DF9D_41B7_B5D3C26E6ACB.toolTip = Brazilian biodiversity: enzymes and microorganisms
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_600452E9_7B16_548D_41A9_75471021A975.toolTip = CARNAÚBA
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6DD1A1D3_7B2F_F49D_41C3_5652D54262B4.toolTip = CATERETÊ
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E8FF02F0_D9EF_1C50_41CF_CFBF09DE4838.toolTip = CNPEM's actions in the fight against COVID-19
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_99B3CA4E_82EA_3661_41B6_4CCE0B726E4E.toolTip = Cabana Óptica
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BDA0409F_AA5E_A968_41D7_DECB6BA73880.toolTip = Cancer Biology Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B20CDE7B_AAA7_99AF_41E3_13163055FA4E.toolTip = Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CC38FE5F_9A66_3960_41D7_F4F7526A652D.toolTip = Cell culture
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_0F6C58AB_7914_77AB_41D3_351F4EDB5295.toolTip = Challenges in constructing the building
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5B7E8027_7B76_D385_41CE_3085211F57BE.toolTip = Chemistry laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_FA519BF0_86F4_D667_41C8_9B870920073C.toolTip = Cleamroom structure
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D758248C_9AFA_09E0_41E1_F895242ED153.toolTip = Cleamroom structure
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_DA18F725_9AE6_1723_41E1_40AA0FF8FA28.toolTip = Cleanroom
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_85CC25D8_9A1A_0B60_41C1_53AB51580168.toolTip = Complete structure of the Mayaro virus
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E8B902D0_AAAE_EEF9_41DC_A5754BCE5203.toolTip = Computational Biology
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_80C1B20F_AAFD_6967_41E3_FC0578E8A5FC.toolTip = Confocal Microscopy Images
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_75C5BF7D_576E_0A18_41CF_81027E8B7D86.toolTip = Construction of microorganisms
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_F3EFB301_7934_7A57_41DB_6943D3D80819.toolTip = Control room
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_48043FC8_577A_0A67_41CE_50A10A7BE190.toolTip = Controlled environment
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_F413FF47_B8A1_02AB_41D9_3A2F8A42D9F2.toolTip = Creating enzymes and microorganisms
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_844C29BB_9A1A_1B20_41E0_BF9B46B920E2.toolTip = Cryomicroscopy Samples Preparation
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7D72138A_573E_1AFB_41D4_B28AA64FD4CE.toolTip = Cultivating plants
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CE086F77_9A6A_F720_41DC_F50D748C7BC4.toolTip = CytoViva and fluorescence microscopy
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_71CE04DC_572E_1E1F_41BE_B87EBDDF2222.toolTip = DNA sequencing
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_86BDE214_9484_B0DA_41D4_DD8E7EF8E89A.toolTip = Data processing
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_4197FE92_572A_0AE8_41CF_DD3FFE521228.toolTip = Decarbonization
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_683095A9_573A_3E38_41AD_A8B9B6030E61.toolTip = Decarbonization
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E8D52586_8614_D2AB_41C4_93A9DF193529.toolTip = Decarbonizations
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_8015BDC9_E218_8065_41EA_B046A0710694.toolTip = Detector
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_870C3B6F_9A2E_1F20_41D0_9C01FBD7CBC2.toolTip = Differences between electron microscopes: scanning vs. transmission
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CE5B696F_9A6A_3B3F_41C1_136814E42C1E.toolTip = Dispersion characterization
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B72B8E13_AAAE_997F_41AD_800A7DB01ADA.toolTip = Drug Discovery
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_92F6B439_AABD_E9AB_41E2_4958B1372BB4.toolTip = Drug Discovery
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_99305AA6_AAE6_B959_41D1_E28318C3D28E.toolTip = Drug Discovery
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_8FAB98DB_AAA6_9AEF_41B7_9A74F0BF1D3C.toolTip = Drug Discovery at LNBio
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6D9079B5_7B32_5485_41CE_5B27B7DF0829.toolTip = EMA
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_C356CBD2_79EC_49F5_41AE_F88AC4A1BA5C.toolTip = Electromagnets
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_85D5A9C0_9A25_FB61_41DD_31105049A39F.toolTip = Electron Cryomicroscopy
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_79258BC8_E218_8064_41E8_2A7B06FD2A44.toolTip = Electron Cryomicroscopy
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7203C58B_6C3C_4E69_41D3_72176745C87F.toolTip = Electron beam lithography
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_F0652C6E_E21F_803C_41D2_4AF8F35693E7.toolTip = Electron cannon
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E8825860_7934_36D5_41D1_369AFAA9A834.toolTip = Electron current and number
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E01105FC_791C_59AD_41D2_FF3B3CA09EED.toolTip = Electron path: circular accelerators
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_ECE06DC6_7934_49DD_41D2_DB806F05359E.toolTip = Electron path: linear accelerator
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E50A17F5_79EF_D9BF_41DC_98039A35F90E.toolTip = Electron path: main components
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_F425AFC6_793C_49DD_41D8_8DD57A9CB733.toolTip = Electron speed
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5C553CFA_5DB4_7AE3_41C7_F35A5D5E31A0.toolTip = Electronics and Advanced Controls Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7F41913C_572A_3618_41C7_E6D496157C7C.toolTip = Enter with caution!
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6AD36125_573A_7628_41CB_BD1E9DBF89A8.toolTip = Environmental assessment
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_745BE6AE_577A_1A3B_41CD_310C0C6D5106.toolTip = Enzyme production
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_91E26CA4_82AA_5221_41D0_11E3C24C5A32.toolTip = Espelhos e Lentes
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_24822255_796C_3AFF_41CA_56BFA1D7B7C8.toolTip = Evolução da Obra
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BEA40261_AA7B_69DB_41A0_4A14488C5A03.toolTip = Experimental Benches
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_86DADBEA_AAE6_BEA9_41E2_AD82B48D6050.toolTip = Experimental Benches
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_88F227AD_DDD9_6007_41E1_3595A914A949.toolTip = Experimental Benches
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_FDB8621F_E217_801D_41D3_79CBD7D64FF3.toolTip = Experimental hutch
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5ADEA7D4_7B7F_DC9B_41D6_D905C71BBFDF.toolTip = Extreme Thermodynamic Conditions Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6D76BAD5_5726_0A68_41D3_B3571E6DDDB8.toolTip = Fermentation processes
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_34784FDA_5AC4_78C7_41D5_BEEDBCE87780.toolTip = Fermentation processes
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_62907B80_571A_0AE7_41C3_9D5C33703A0A.toolTip = Fermentation processes
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5A7F226B_DF2B_6003_41E1_798B99656788.toolTip = Floor flatness
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_57E75C41_DF39_207F_41B9_AD97C6E779A6.toolTip = Floor thickness
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_1A02BB5A_3A00_4B3B_416B_7D20B9B12EE0.toolTip = Foundation
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_A32C5617_DFD9_2003_41D5_F9908028249A.toolTip = Foundation
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_1A952483_3A00_7D09_41B4_5CFB8194685E.toolTip = Foundation
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_83D5F47D_5A74_09E1_41B7_2218D2C0993E.toolTip = Front End
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_83DFB855_9A26_F963_41B4_355B31D2F37F.toolTip = Gallery of microscopic samples
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_404F331A_573A_3A18_41B9_280C15D6C716.toolTip = Genetic sequencing
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6A32B223_573E_FA28_41C0_7AD0F57CFE5F.toolTip = Georeferencing
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BEBF7F68_9A6E_3720_41D1_E49D08169BC6.toolTip = Height of graphene sheets
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CA1D839C_79F4_5A6C_41BC_98596540F4E4.toolTip = High field dipole
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BF945030_F0F9_C848_41E7_093BD0AB9913.toolTip = How bioreactors work
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D0E67354_79F3_DAFC_41BE_BD45E5DD3A62.toolTip = How is an accelerator made?
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6ECC710D_7B32_7584_41D1_E29670E2A63E.toolTip = Hutch Assembly
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B423DF2A_E2F9_8027_41C2_A7CDF90B410D.toolTip = Hutch exit
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6DF0B7D5_573A_7A68_41BE_6AC4BFD192D5.toolTip = Hydrolysis and fermentation
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6EA6853F_7B36_7D85_41DE_9A489D665BE0.toolTip = IMBUIA
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CDFF3AFE_792C_CBAC_41D1_5856B635FF24.toolTip = IPÊ
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_11754E6C_5726_0A3F_41AE_368D57F3606D.toolTip = Impacts on society
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_15D997DE_5726_7A1B_41D5_0CB01AE1DA28.toolTip = Importance of partnerships
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_597EBEDC_7B72_EC8B_41D3_372829686C21.toolTip = In situ growth laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_41CEB801_7D11_D37D_41DE_74A02B418CA0.toolTip = Industrial biotechnology: developing enzymes and microorganisms
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_52167B45_7B16_5585_41CD_7156C639FA37.toolTip = Industrial biotechnology: developing enzymes and microorganisms
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_4534E81E_7CFE_7387_41C3_381AAAD150CE.toolTip = Industrial biotechnology: developing enzymes and microorganisms
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B200EC7A_AAA6_B9A9_41E0_182ACECF6E71.toolTip = Infectious Diseases
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_416EC6DB_7D6F_BC8D_41BF_514BA2BAEA33.toolTip = Innovation in biorenewables
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_62CEC044_7B13_B3FB_41D9_092F4D0858DC.toolTip = Inovating with the Brazilian Industry
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_F69931E6_E219_802C_41E4_7FE883A8B70F.toolTip = LINAC
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E9A1CB91_7913_CA74_41B2_156AB53991A3.toolTip = LINAC Assembly
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BEA3BDAA_AA7E_9AA9_41D9_C88CDBC20CB7.toolTip = LNBio's open facilities
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5C52332E_5D8C_0F60_41C4_C7E10E05A6FD.toolTip = Laboratory for Mechanical Metrology, Modeling, and Design
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B63C8B9F_E208_801C_41D3_ECB817BEDA17.toolTip = Light entrance
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_8182BC73_E218_8024_41D4_1BB799C3811D.toolTip = Light entrance
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_1F47A874_7974_76BD_41D0_E03531C57B30.toolTip = Light for Knowledge
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_C110AAF5_7914_4BBC_41B9_2A1D5F5E575A.toolTip = MANACÁ
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CB72F175_7914_36BC_41AE_F1B16336E13D.toolTip = MOGNO
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_4836A371_577E_7A29_41C9_54B2B40E230A.toolTip = Macromolecules
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_E6EE9E81_ABAA_995B_41CC_D31BE1CFBE93.toolTip = Mayaro Virus (MAYV)
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5C5717F5_5DB4_36E1_4192_032DF37018D2.toolTip = Mechanical and Optical Metrology Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_72C5F89A_572E_161B_41D2_634A16C2DF98.toolTip = Metabolomic analysis
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D7966DF7_9AFA_1B2F_41E2_9347572059F4.toolTip = Micro and nanofabrication
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7C3AAE1D_573E_0A18_41D3_3DF14CC860F7.toolTip = Microbiota and soil nutrients
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CAF4D519_9AFE_08E3_41D3_21F4BBEFBC9E.toolTip = Microfluidic sensor to detect breast cancer
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5C4B0CF9_5D9C_1AE1_41C6_F9C5F9777F0B.toolTip = Microscopia Confocal a Laser 
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B0361444_E208_806C_41DB_13D11D72E713.toolTip = Mirrors
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B7B52C0D_AAAE_996B_41E3_453E5D376E14.toolTip = Model Organisms Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_81AEBA9C_AAFA_9969_41B4_7EC091F0AE94.toolTip = Model Organisms Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_F333075F_DD5B_6003_41E7_05592C2CAB52.toolTip = Model Organisms Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_C8F84F85_861C_2EA9_41D6_AC174AA74C19.toolTip = Model Organisms Laboratory
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_98F24517_AADA_EB67_41B7_1B652B591629.toolTip = Model Organisms Laboratory (LOM)
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7C6884A6_573E_FE2B_41D3_4DA8EEBEFE61.toolTip = Molecular biology techniques
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_427250D4_572E_1668_41CD_51A1477AFAE9.toolTip = Molecules of life
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_B62973CE_E208_807C_41E2_3515B820A641.toolTip = Monochromator
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BC29D1E4_AA5B_6AD9_41A4_846E28B4EC96.toolTip = Monoclonal Antibody Production
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_BD9F7CD5_AA5A_BAFB_41DE_A4F6659FC81C.toolTip = Mouth Cancer 
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5C4C462F_5D94_0961_41D3_96134D430A70.toolTip = Nanodevice for detecting dopamine
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_CED2968F_B54B_3703_41D0_5E4A3F419DD0.toolTip = Nanotechnology
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_0B493189_86F4_F2B9_417C_302D9571078B.toolTip = Nanotoxicology and Biosafety
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_8E55E74F_AABB_B7E7_41E2_7C1B6735BF39.toolTip = Natural products
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_41D98B56_572A_0A68_41D5_3BE219FA7877.toolTip = Omics tools
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_C9B19E07_79EC_4A5B_41AB_0E1EA62C1543.toolTip = Ondulator
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_FD1CC42F_E219_803D_41DB_247B934FD702.toolTip = Optical hutch
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_124F7562_5726_3E28_41B8_D9B4E70C5211.toolTip = Our differential
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_F6999DE4_793C_49DD_41A9_5829F4665CD2.toolTip = Packets of electrons
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_15527DB6_572E_0E2B_41CE_DA62B0FA08CE.toolTip = Pilot Plant (left)
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_614B257B_571A_1E18_41D1_5E9FC088ED06.toolTip = Pilot Plant (right)
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6D6419FD_572A_3619_41D2_BE7B8C2BC865.toolTip = Pilot Plant: scaling technologies and processes (start)
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_472E7FE1_7D2E_6CBD_41C0_92E8209C9543.toolTip = Pilot Plant: scaling technologies and processes (start)
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_14577CB3_572E_0E29_41C8_3B77C3A7832E.toolTip = Pilot Plant: scaling technologies and processes (start)
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_40EB14C5_7D6E_FC85_41D9_A31648E3FE78.toolTip = Pilot Plant: scaling technologies and processes (start)
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_489C8352_DF2B_201D_41EB_66160D0DB4E2.toolTip = Piping
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HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_49FDCD1E_5766_0E1B_41CB_0DB154A4F890.toolTip = Start here!
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6EB5D4C4_5719_FE68_41D4_D3A9BF69394D.toolTip = Start here!
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_659531B1_572E_1629_41B9_F49CAFEF040E.toolTip = Start here!
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_41DD29DE_5727_F618_419F_0C8C83711EF7.toolTip = Start here!
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HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6F77CEEC_572A_0A38_41B0_DACC7C8B1A6B.toolTip = What's outside?
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## Media

### Floorplan

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### Subtitle
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### Title
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video_02E02F4C_86F4_2FBF_41B7_C762444B0AC2.label = cnpem___fÁbrica_de_dispositivos_-_english_subtitle (Original)
panorama_7E42168B_64CF_F848_41D1_8F7EAE060989.label = daniela-base
video_7D2D74E0_64C1_F9F8_41CD_C7EB8C2301D8.label = daniela-livepano
panorama_7E0ED5DE_64C2_5BC8_41B5_C160385EEA44.label = danusa-base
video_7ECCECD2_64C1_A9D9_41D6_B6B96D55D24C.label = danusa-livepano
album_33AC4615_A488_1724_41D1_B298A76848A0_3.label = desidrogenase-de-Tripanosoma-cruzi
panorama_7F6BD8D9_64C7_A9C8_41D3_B35D91BCB9F6.label = diego-base
video_7E6823E0_64C1_DFF8_41C7_A299F0EAED57.label = diego-livepano
album_33AC4615_A488_1724_41D1_B298A76848A0_4.label = domínio-da-proteína-nucleocapsideo-de-SARS-COV2
panorama_7B13C094_64C2_5859_41D2_DB0FD3035BE7.label = douglas-base
video_7A10492C_64C1_E848_41BD_EC104BCC7453.label = douglas-livepano
panorama_44CFA2C5_64C6_5838_41A1_C57F738BE37F.label = edson-leite-base
video_7B50C55B_64C1_B8CF_4192_E7589E36D219.label = edson-leite-livepano
panorama_1F75B382_56EA_3AE8_41B4_E74BD6E624FA.label = eduardo-base
video_10B367F9_5719_FA18_41BD_4C4F0AD57C1D.label = eduardo-livepano
panorama_5DAB340D_6746_5848_41D5_70668301E07C.label = gustavo-e-cris-base
video_7C8ACA6A_64C1_A8C9_41D2_FD6B8576E501.label = gustavo-e-cris-livepano
panorama_5A54496F_6746_68C8_41CD_C6BE70F168D4.label = harry-base
video_7B0F253A_64C2_B849_419B_350FDCC7BDAF.label = harry-livepano
panorama_45272163_64C3_B8FF_41C4_42EFAAF67A7D.label = james-base
video_45C71D12_64C1_A858_41CB_82350233C094.label = james-livepano
panorama_445C2CD8_5AC4_B8C3_4190_33A8BB9A0A02.label = jaqueline-base
video_4420B3D0_5AC4_88C3_41C8_E3E816760F9F.label = jaqueline-livepano
panorama_42AFC671_64C2_58DB_41C6_993D53972045.label = jose-roque-base
video_40FCFCD9_64C6_69C8_41D9_252FB37D5BFC.label = jose-roque-livepano
panorama_EA3EF80B_D61B_3400_41E6_0112B94333C4.label = juliana-velasco-base
video_950AB8CE_D60B_1400_41EA_947C31070951.label = juliana-velasco-livepano
panorama_77E0BF99_64DF_E84B_41A1_9D0A82D6EC6C.label = kleber-base
video_6BA7B329_64C3_B848_41CB_5BAC760AF50F.label = kleber-livepano
panorama_4F7AB3BB_653E_B84F_41A2_EE4506D136B9.label = liu-base
video_4C843E86_653F_A839_41C9_99B061E4113E.label = liu-livepano
map_C174EA22_A9C8_4418_41C3_D754D1B1CB91.label = mapa-3
map_C1C4F7D4_A9C8_4C38_41D7_9359F64BB372.label = nano
panorama_26FCD1BE_6746_5848_41CE_2E3CE792F5B3.label = narie-base
video_14838068_5B44_87C3_41D5_7E3F0EA03365.label = narie-livepano
panorama_504F4189_6542_D84B_41CC_8AF66437BE33.label = nathaly-base
video_519BCBE0_6541_AFF8_41D5_A1E34256A917.label = nathaly-livepano
panorama_48755A01_6546_6838_41B3_B881E8B0823E.label = oscar-base
video_48038B2E_6541_A848_41C0_8FCBAB003C77.label = oscar-livepano
panorama_5418F737_6542_5858_41D1_9123C78AE047.label = rafael-elias-base
video_578D658B_654F_B848_41C7_53CA6ABF57AE.label = rafael-elias-livepano
panorama_501D6442_6541_D838_41BF_A2FAFFE2FAFB.label = rafael-furlan-base
video_54AA02BC_6547_B849_41A2_157F4C79D42C.label = rafael-furlan-livepano
video_F12C5C1C_ABA5_9969_41D6_32F44B733247.label = rodrigo-capaz-livepano
panorama_F2AC031C_ABBA_AF69_41D5_5AB44A94785E.label = rodrigo-portugal-base
video_567595A4_655E_5879_41D3_C504287074A3.label = rodrigo-portugal-livepano
map_C1A0160C_A9C8_CC28_41D9_BC5A188CE89D.label = sirius

### Video
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## Popup

### Body
htmlText_8EBC9525_E208_802C_41E2_2991D31209A0.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After interacting with the sample, the synchrotron light hits the detector. This device acts like a camera, and together with a set of computers it quantitively analyzes the result of the interaction between the synchrotron light and the atoms and molecules in the test material.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_7D8935D6_E219_806C_41E6_BDC60AFBADC7.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">At CNPEM we operate a unique electron microscopy park in Latin America. This set of equipment is open for free use by the scientific community and was formatted to provide international competitiveness to Brazilian research in Materials Science and, in the case of Cryomicroscopy, Structural Biology. </SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The importance of the technique has grown over the years. In 2017, the creators of the electron cryomicroscopy won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_F473A26C_E21B_803C_41E8_773879C27E2D.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">At the end of the linear accelerator, the electrons already are near light speed and are transferred to the second electron accelerator, called the booster.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_F53F9A81_E209_80E5_41B6_05BB46D67697.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">At the end of the linear accelerator, the electrons already are near light speed and are transferred to the second electron accelerator, called the booster.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_19F4AF09_3A00_CB19_41CB_73343B5DF4BF.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques do not depend on the interaction between the material and light or electrons. The observer uses a small probe with a very narrow tip that skims over the surface at a very close distance.</SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The probe may come into contact with the sample, but in most cases remains a very slight distance away (nanometers). Under these conditions, the forces resulting from the interactions between the probe and the atoms or molecules on the surface are significant, and can be measured.</SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In this room you can see some examples of analyses conducted using different AFM microscop</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_B3322E9E_5A94_1923_4150_2053EC181DB9.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Each beamline at Sirius is insulated by a metal hutch designed to ensure that the radiation present while the beamline is operating is absorbed by the protective layers, keeping radiation levels outside (in the experimental suite) within required safety levels.</SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The signaling tower shown here is part of Sirius's interlocking system, which is one of the most rigorous in terms of access to restricted areas. This system includes various devices for locking, signaling, and warning to ensure safe operation of the accelerators and beamlines, such as safety locks and emergency buttons</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
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htmlText_FC12B6D8_E217_8064_41DF_1FA20AFA86E3.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here the synchrotron light interacts with the atoms and molecules in the sample under analysis, and provides data about its structure.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
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htmlText_FFFC6C48_E219_8064_41E4_109EC572FD21.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here the synchrotron light is filtered and focused in order to create the conditions required to conduct each scientific experiment.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_8A35D4D6_E20B_806C_41EB_EB47776E5C6A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here, samples are positioned to interact with the synchrotron light. During this process, they are subjected to different conditions of the atmosphere, temperature, pressure, and electrical or magnetic fields.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_93564F03_E209_81E5_41C6_DA813F144C88.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here, the synchrotron light prepared by the optical hutch reaches the experimental hutch, where it interacts with the atoms and molecules in the sample of the material under analysis, and provides data about its structure.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_B28540FE_E208_801F_41D4_57B91623E6E5.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here, the synchrotron light produced by the electron accelerators arrives at the experimental stations. In the optical hutch, the synchrotron light is filtered and focused to provide the conditions required to conduct each scientific experiment.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_F52A5976_E209_802C_41D1_3CA83FEC112C.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the booster, the electrons coming from the linear accelerator are accelerated until they reach 3 GeV (3 billion electron-volts), which is the energy required for them to be transferred to the main accelerator, or the storage ring. There, the particles make close to 600,000 trips around each second, gaining a bit of energy each time they go around.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_F65F29AB_E21F_8024_41D4_99D0EE948164.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In this equipment, electrons are extracted from matter by heating a metal alloy, and a beam of these particles starts to be accelerated by electrostatic fields in order to subsequently be injected into the linear accelerator.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_A0AD96A6_9028_8758_41E0_CF782DE21DCC.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Racional Engenharia was responsible for building Sirius, the largest and most complex scientific infrastructure ever built in Brazil and an unprecedented challenge for Brazilian engineering.</SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">With 50 years of history, Racional is one of the main Engineering and Construction companies in the country, operating exclusively in the B2B format, in different sectors. It has more than 600 projects delivered throughout the national territory, with the most different characteristics, sizes and complexities.</SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Find out about the main projects built by Racional, click here: <SPAN STYLE="color:#f3a22e;"><A TARGET="_blank" HREF="https://racional.com/obras" STYLE="text-decoration:none; color:inherit;">https://racional.com/obras</A></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_57B39A8D_DF29_2007_41E4_48C0341368A5.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The floors are extremely flat: throughout the entire 17,000 m2 area, the difference between the highest and the lowest point of the floor is less than two centimeters.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_5260E084_DF39_2005_4196_080FECF4DC3A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The floors that support the accelerator area and the beamline region are made of 90- and 60-centimeter-thick reinforced concrete, respectively.  </SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_5E1F33C5_DFD9_2007_41D2_E197343AB148.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The foundation of the building is divided into two bases that are totally independent of each other: the first supports the structure of the building, while the second supports the floor in the accelerator area and experimental region.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_1A029B5A_3A00_4B3B_41B0_E374A64C6C65.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The foundation of the building is divided into two bases that are totally independent of each other: the first supports the structure of the building, while the second supports the floor in the accelerator area and experimental region.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_1A9DA486_3A00_7D0B_41BF_3BEB93F6A0F5.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The foundation of the building is divided into two bases that are totally independent of each other: the first supports the structure of the building, while the second supports the floor in the accelerator area and experimental region.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_83CF747E_5A74_09E3_41D2_C88E5FADC537.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The front-end safely transitions, monitors and conditions various aspects of the propagation of the synchrotron light beam along its path between the main accelerator (storage ring) and each beamline.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_4F3587E5_DCDB_2007_41CF_752FDADFD64A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The temperature within the accelerator tunnel is very well controlled, with a maximum variation of 0.1°C in either direction. Good temperature control is also necessary in the experimental area, with a maximum variation of 0.5°C in either direction.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_522290DB_DF2F_2003_41C6_9487A5FBA666.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The tunnel that houses the electron accelerators is over 500 meters long and is made of a monolithic piece of reinforced concrete. The walls and upper covering of the tunnel are between 80 cm and 1.5 meters thick.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_5424E4F2_DF2B_201D_41E3_AD1E01FABB01.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The utility piping is oversized, which allows fluids to move more slowly and reduces vibrations during propagation. Utility piping is also suspended on springs to reduce vibration.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_FECFD168_E21B_8024_41D5_FA1612C19801.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This concrete tunnel contains the electron accelerators responsible for producing synchrotron light. The tunnel was specifically designed to contain the radiation produced by the accelerators, ensuring that people are safe while the machine is operating.</SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sirius has a radiation protection program committed to ensuring the safety of everyone in all areas of the facility. No accessible area of the facility presents any radiation risk to staff or visitors, and no area neighboring Sirius is affected by the equipment's operations.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_FA8282DB_E238_8064_41A8_BF400AE2D488.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This is the main electron accelerator. Here the electrons are kept circulating for hours in stable orbits, guided by magnets. Whenever the electrons are redirected by magnetic fields and forced to make a curve, they emit synchrotron light. It is emitted in the direction tangent to the curve made by the electrons and directed to the research stations, which are called beamlines.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>
htmlText_FAABF0D7_E238_806D_41D0_9271EC870959.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><HTML><BODY><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:16px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">When the electrons circulating in the booster reach sufficient energy, they are transferred to the main accelerator, or the storage ring.</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML></div>

### Title
window_BAFFF436_8A46_CD60_41B9_26F34F78528C.title = Accelerator tunnel
window_ADEA42E6_8A41_4AE3_41E0_6CA27560E392.title = Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
window_0EA93191_4E7A_50D2_4195_250F40EF4618.title = Booster 
window_8856C78F_E209_80FD_41D7_B45F844C0E78.title = Detector
window_F64599B2_E21F_8024_41E7_5D84872AF50E.title = Electron cannon
window_FC12F6D9_E217_8064_41D0_082C97272684.title = Experimental hutch
window_57B02A8D_DF29_2007_41E3_709C22C34C48.title = Floor flatness
window_59347F2A_DF37_200D_41C5_DF3D25772560.title = Floor thickness
window_1A026B5B_3A00_4B39_41BC_95D16662840D.title = Foundation
window_1AE4A496_3A00_7D0B_41C3_05CB66E5BA23.title = Foundation
window_012DFB3A_2B3B_1F3E_41C1_9636E160109A.title = Foundation
window_84FBEE2C_5A74_3967_41D0_D49445F9E2C8.title = Front-end 
window_0F841C0C_4E76_B7B1_41C7_EE0CBCEBB189.title = LINAC 
window_8D9D991D_FF9E_B402_41D8_012FFCE98354.title = Light entrance
window_B8781591_E20B_80E5_41D2_32F7AE323404.title = Light entrance
window_BA8CF4DC_E2F9_8063_41EA_F2A792430376.title = Light exit
window_FFFC1C48_E219_8064_41EC_45D27F14400B.title = Optical hutch
window_4486C570_DCF7_E01D_41D5_E555A0ED11CC.title = Piping stability
window_A0A216A7_9028_8758_41CB_E236E080A6A9.title = Racional
window_AE6DDD75_5A94_1BE1_41B7_9309F05484F1.title = Radiation protection hutch
window_8A2A14D7_E20B_806C_41D4_60BB9BB3DE6C.title = Sample environment
window_FF3B8542_E218_8064_41E8_857F9AFF0718.title = Storage ring
window_47D30E40_DCF7_207D_41E2_CFD0B69CBFFD.title = Temperature stability
window_FEED1283_E209_80E4_41B3_CF44D3DF510C.title = Transport line
window_F470026D_E21B_803D_41D5_8F80B10BC6C8.title = Transport line
window_FF9F147F_E209_801C_41E8_34C12367647C.title = Transport line
window_78A74D55_DCF7_6006_41E2_16446B7EB4C9.title = Tunnel thickness

## Skin

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### Multiline Text
HTMLText_19F54D29_5B43_9945_4199_CEBBB1C8DB89_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:14px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:14px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Products for society</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In order for technological solutions developed in a research center to reach society, they must be transferred to companies that will be responsible for production and sales. This concept is called technology transfer. LNBR/CNPEM partners with companies to transform ideas into products that are part of everyone's daily lives, like drinks, foods, biofuels, plastics, animal feed, detergents, and cosmetics. CNPEM also has an innovation area that deals with the resulting intellectual property issues.   </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:9.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:9.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><I>* Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions (patents), literary and artistic works (copyright), symbols and names (trademarks), and [intellectual property rights] are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds (WIPO, 2016).</I></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_964C41E1_A488_0D1D_41E2_144F7E9546BE.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>"for the development of a method for genome editing”</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The 2020 Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded for the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method to two researchers, Emmanuelle Charpentier of the Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens (Berlin) and Jennifer Doudna of the University of California, Berkeley. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Imagem Credit: Alexander Heinel / Picture Alliance / DPA</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_B02743CC_9A7E_0F61_41D1_5168FD41E19E.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>AFM combined with infrared</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">AFM-IR combines the high spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy with the chemical analysis of infrared spectroscopy.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Both techniques together make it possible to acquire topographic images and chemically identify domains as small as 50 nanometers, as in the case of the polymer blend shown in the image here.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_F0404743_978C_D0BD_41C0_E1390804856A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Activated charcoal</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">An abundant residue of the sugar-ethanol segment, sugarcane bagasse is the basis for the production of activated carbon for the decontamination of water and air.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The bagasse goes through a controlled burning process and chemical treatment, which results in a charcoal with tiny pores, a few micrometers or even nanometers size. The new material created by researchers at LNNano is an economically viable alternative with the same efficiency, if compared to imported products already on the market. The development has been granted a patent by CNPEM.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Advanced technologies can also transform the bagasse into a new material functionalized with silver nanoparticles, giving it antibacterial properties, whose capabilities are being tested in the Nanotoxicology platform.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AE8F14A0_5D9C_091F_41D2_AAF694406588.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Advanced tool center and manufacturing</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The tool center is where conventional and non-conventional manufacturing processes take place, including manufacture of metal/mechanic parts and components using automated machinery for processes that include cutting, bending, and milling.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_034275D0_A125_7C99_41D0_37A96DC552E0.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What should we know about a new compound that is a candidate for pharmaceutical use before it is tested in humans? </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Experiments in the pre-clinical phase are used to verify whether the compound is safe, and also analyze how it is absorbed and eliminated by the body.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_034055BF_A125_7C87_41D5_4CEAB11E34B7.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Can the new compound be transformed into other compounds by the liver? If so, which ones?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">After mixing the potential pharmaceutical with a liver-based preparation (hepatic microsomes contai-ning CYP450 enzymes), the remaining quantity of the original compound is measured, as well as other substances produced from it, mostly from oxidation and/or reduction reactions.Liquid Chromatography - MassSpectrometry</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_034355CA_A125_7C89_41B3_C34572EB86AF.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Does the new compound have properties that allow it to cross the intestinal membrane and other membranes? Does it circulate freely, or does it bind to other molecules in the blood? </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Permeability of a compound (how it is transported through biological membranes) is a key factor that influences absorption and distribution. For these assessments, we compare the profile of the new compound with profiles of compounds that are alre-ady well-known.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In the blood, most pharmaceuticals tend to bind to plasma proteins like albumin.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0342D5CD_A125_7C8B_41C0_8FF9DE5FFAFA.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Does the new compound resist different conditions (pH) in the digestive and circulatory systems? </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">After mixing the potential pharmaceutical under different conditions (pH), at different times, and measuring how much ultimately remains, we can determine how resistant the compound is and understand its availability in the region where it acts.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_034395C6_A125_7CF9_41DC_07A76E4DBA4A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What other evidence can we obtain about the possibility that the new compound may cross cellular membranes?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Intestinal cells can be cultivated in the laboratory, creating a barrier that mimics the membrane pre-sent in our bodies. In this way, we can measure the candidate compound's potential ability to cross this barrier, which can be interpreted as its capacity to permeate the intestine.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_034015C3_A125_7CFF_41C3_6F860E0232D0.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What other evidence can we obtain about the possibility that the new compound might bind to proteins in the blood plasma?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Many pharmaceuticals bind to large proteins present in the blood, like albumin, but some remain free, and this affects their availability in the target tissue. After incubating the potential pharmaceutical in blood plasma, its free fraction can be measured.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_034335D7_A125_7C86_4183_BA18197EFE5B.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Analytical chemistry utilizes a wide variety of methods to investigate the chemical nature of substances and how they behave under different conditions. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Analytical methods are involved in the entire process, from discovery of medications until their sale, assessing physical and chemical properties such as stability, solubility, permeability, and conducting a series of assays related to their pharmacological and toxicological properties in different animal species, in different dosages, administered in different forms and by different routes, as well as in resulting formulations, in order to ensure their efficacy, quality, and safety for human consumption.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0343B5D3_A125_7C9E_41E0_5D1C5A52F788.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">These properties are determined using a variety of equipment. In the laboratory, there is a focus on liquid chromatography associated with spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. These methods, when applied at the initial stages of the process of discovering new candidate molecules, permit the characterization of many compounds and prediction of how they will behave in vivo during the more advanced stages of development. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>The analytical chemistry laboratory is supported by scientists involved in implementing and carrying out many tests that make it possible to assess the purity of compounds as well as their pharmacokinetic properties in vidro and in vivo. The team is also involved in investigating action mechanisms and protein-ligand interaction studies. </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_674B9AD4_50F7_DA1D_41C3_8EFDF2202C10.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical chemistry and identifying molecules</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Various microorganisms produce enzymes and metabolites essential to transforming Agroindustrial waste into products with broad applications in severaln sectors ranging from pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to agriculture, biofuels, and even bioplastics. In nature, there are many strategies for biotransformation. To understand the mechanisms in nature, it is essential to use analytical chemistry techniques that allow us to identify the type of raw material they can transform, as well as the molecules or proteins involved. LNBR/CNPEM has an Analysis Center comprised of various equipment used to conduct a series of analyses of substances like sugars, alcohols, organic acids, phenolic and volatile compounds, cations, anions, greenhouse gases, and carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Some examples of chemical analysis techniques available at LNBR/CNPEM are gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thermic analyses, along with spectrophotometric and particle size distribution analyses, are also conducted. Together with other research, this knowledge allows us to discover new strategies for biotransformation and the production of molecules of interest for applications in industrial and agricultural applications.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_B029BC54_9A7E_3960_41E0_68C235A6F0F9.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analyzing fine films using AFM</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The AFM image shows a fine film comprised of ZIF-8 crystals, a material made up of zinc ions (Zn2+) and organic ligands (2-methylimidazole).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The porosity of ZIF-8 and its chemical and thermal stability make it a very promising material for gas separation and storage.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Recently its use in electronic devices and other sensors has also been investigated.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_965381DE_A488_0D27_4180_C45597855C6B.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Applications of CRISPR/Cas9</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This tool has</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> revolutionized </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">the</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> life sciences, </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">as well </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>as agriculture </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>industrial biotech, </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">and is being tested as a therapy for </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>human diseases </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">like</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> cancer, blood disorders, chronic infections, cancer-related blindness, sickle cell anemia, genetic blindness, HIV, and cystic fibrosis.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_965311DD_A488_0D25_41DD_2C70A33BE079.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Applications of gene editing  </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In scientific studies, models with specific genetic characteristics can be created to analyze the action of medications and other drugs. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Clinical trials utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing are currently underway in volunteers (in the US, China, Europe, New Zealand, and Australia) to find cures for diseases that so far are incurable, such as HIV (CCR5), leukemia, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, melanomas, ovarian cancer, sickle cell anemia, beta thalassemia, and hereditary blindness. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Although they are still in early stages, the clinical trials in patients with beta thalassemia and sickle cell anemia have been extremely promising, eliminating the need for blood transfusions (which are often required to treat patients with these diseases).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_FD58B5D4_9784_535B_41D3_1E101B69002A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Artificial photosynthesis</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">LNNano has an energy program focused on using nanotechnology tools to develop alternative energy sources via electrochemical processes. The program is based on developing processes to store solar energy through hydrogen (H2) generation, a system that mimics photosynthesis and stores energy through electrochemical processes, mainly involving solid lithium ion (Li+) batteries. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The two energy storage processes that are the focus of this program (artificial photosynthesis and lithium ion batteries) have the same basic problems that lead to poor efficiency in the devices. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Solving these interface problems could improve the efficiency of these devices, making them economically more competitive.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E311EFD7_978D_CF45_41D8_589850046708.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Atomic model of septins </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The video shows the atomic model of septins (proteins that make up the human cytoskeleton) captured using advanced cryogenic electron microscopy techniques, with local resolution of 3–5 angstroms (sub-atomic resolution).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Research at LNNano, in partnership with USP São Carlos, has shown that the process of septin formation is actually the inverse of what had been previously thought. Proper understanding of this process affects knowledge on the formation of cell structure.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Understanding the three-dimensional structure of proteins like this one may help researchers in the future reveal anomalies caused by various diseases.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_B64A5B74_9A7E_1F20_41BF_F9506A206675.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Atomically flat surfaces</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The development of semiconductor devices requires that the surfaces used in their fabrication be flat in order to avoid structural defects; these defects could affect the transport of electrical charges through the material and affect its proper- ties.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">But in the real world, a totally "flat" surface is difficult to obtain, as in the case of silicon carbide surfaces, which may exhibit height variations of a single atom. These monoatomic variations can be seen via atomic force microscopy (AFM).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_B13D490F_9A7E_18FF_41B2_78D2F00E7DA1.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>BIO-AFM</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The images show smooth vascular muscle cells. The image on the left is optical, while the images on the right were obtained via AFM from the outlined square.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The measurements were taken from living cells in culture. The mapping was done using the pulsed force method to simultaneously obtain topographical images (upper right) and map rigidity via Young's module (lower right), which allowed researchers to visualize the location of the actin fibers in a cellular cytoskeleton.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_524D8132_95FC_B0DF_41C1_0B1567141A7A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Bambootronics </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Imagine if a slice of bamboo could be transformed into electrical or electrochemical devices; integrated microcircuits capable of turning on lights, acting as sensors, or heating water or other liquids could be installed. This is the subject of a research project at CNPEM in partnership with PUC-Rio. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The challenge of this study lies in fabricating microchannels with high electrical conductivity that make it possible to use them in electrical and electrochemical devices. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Taking advantage of the complex vegetative structure of bamboo designed by nature, the scientists coated its microchannels with a conductive paint that allows an electrical current to pass through the bamboo, creating what the authors of the study call Bambootronics. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This new function can be utilized in the future in 3D electronic circuits, microfluidic heaters, and integrated sensors in smart and sustainable homes. Another important advantage of using bamboo is its scalability in producing products. Bamboo grows very quickly and easily in tropical countries, and many developing economies would benefit from this new competitive and sustainable technology.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306F1982_E6F8_80E7_41D0_00D98CA70473.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Advanced materials</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The challenges involved in sustainable development involve availability of abundant, cheap, and clean energy. New materials must consequently be developed to improve the conversion of biomass into fuels, and to more efficiently channel light energy from the sun, kinetic energy from wind, or potential energy from water resources.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Making industrial production more efficient and less polluting by creating cheaper and more selective catalysts from lighter and stronger materials (like plastic, glass, and fibers) as well as increasingly potent and cheaper components for electronic devices is consequently essential.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius offers an enormous variety of ways to see interactions between electrons and light, bonds between chemical elements, and interactions with other substances in detail. The combination of these tools is essential for developing new materials.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6EEF11BE_48E4_607E_41D0_3C1C5FE86F7A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Catalysts</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Catalysts are substances that facilitate chemical reactions in nearly all industrial processes involving transformation of primary products. The search for more efficient and accessible catalysts directly impacts the economy and the environment, by reducing the costs of production processes or making industrial production cleaner, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">But this search involves studying catalysts in operational conditions, in other words, the same conditions involved in the industrial processes they will be utilized in. These conditions include high temperatures and pressures and various reagents.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius allows these chemical reactions to be studied in real time, and lets researchers observe the changes in the structure of the reagents as well as the catalysts. This permits a detailed understanding of how a certain catalyst functions, and can direct potential modifications to improve its performance, making it cheaper to produce, for example, or more selective to the product of interest, or more active at lower temperatures and pressures.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306F9981_E6F8_80E5_41EB_403D387F9EAC.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Catalysts</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Catalysts are substances that facilitate chemical reactions in nearly all industrial processes involving transformation of primary products. The search for more efficient and accessible catalysts directly impacts the economy and the environment, by reducing the costs of production processes or making industrial production cleaner, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">But this search involves studying catalysts in operational conditions, in other words, the same conditions involved in the industrial processes they will be utilized in. These conditions include high temperatures and pressures and various reagents.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius allows these chemical reactions to be studied in real time, and lets researchers observe the changes in the structure of the reagents as well as the catalysts. This permits a detailed understanding of how a certain catalyst functions, and can direct potential modifications to improve its performance, making it cheaper to produce, for example, or more selective to the product of interest, or more active at lower temperatures and pressures.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3069797E_E6F8_801F_41D4_F87A9A63980C.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Fertilizer</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Nitrogen is an important chemical element for plants, and is a component of proteins and chlorophyll. But even though nitrogen gas (N2) is abundant in the atmosphere, plants cannot directly absorb it from the air; first, it must be transformed into other chemical forms like ammonia (NH3). </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Synthetic fertilizers that contain nitrogen are obtained from chemical reactions between the nitrogen in the atmosphere and raw materials resulting from petroleum and mining production. This reaction requires extreme temperatures and pressures, and it is estimated that this process consumes between 1 and 2% of worldwide energy production. Meanwhile, this transformation occurs in the soil itself at ambient temperature and pressure, thanks to enzymes produced by bacteria called nitrogenases.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius makes it possible to investigate not only the three-dimensional structure of the atomic arrangement that makes up these enzymes, but also their interactions with other molecules and the mechanisms by which they break apart nitrogen gas and form ammonia. It is essential to understand this mechanism so it can be used in industry for more efficient and sustainable production of fertilizers.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_576A0139_48E4_A002_41D2_0D03A9E01457.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Fertilizer</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Nitrogen is an important chemical element for plants, and is a component of proteins and chlorophyll. But even though nitrogen gas (N2) is abundant in the atmosphere, plants cannot directly absorb it from the air; first, it must be transformed into other chemical forms like ammonia (NH3).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Synthetic fertilizers that contain nitrogen are obtained from chemical reactions between the nitrogen in the atmosphere and raw materials resulting from petroleum and mining production. This reaction requires extreme temperatures and pressures, and it is estimated that this process consumes between 1 and 2% of worldwide energy production. Meanwhile, this transformation occurs in the soil itself at ambient temperature and pressure, thanks to enzymes produced by bacteria called nitrogenases.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius makes it possible to investigate not only the three-dimensional structure of the atomic arrangement that makes up these enzymes, but also their interactions with other molecules and the mechanisms by which they break apart nitrogen gas and form ammonia. It is essential to understand this mechanism so it can be used in industry for more efficient and sustainable production of fertilizers.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306EF97F_E6F8_801D_41E8_6AAEFA36C69D.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: New Pharmaceuticals</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">From the moment a molecule related to a disease is identified, whether it is produced by an infectious agent or by the human body itself, it can become a therapeutic target, in other words, a target for pharmaceutical activity. Like a puzzle piece, the pharmaceutical molecule must fit perfectly with the target molecule to stop it from acting in our body.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">For this reason, the search for pharmaceutical molecules becomes more efficient if we know the shapes they need to fit with. But this game of discovering new medications is a bit different from a puzzle: the pieces cannot be seen by the naked eye.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius is an essential tool for investigating the three-dimensional structure of molecules, allowing us to more profoundly understand how they act in the body and the processes by which a potential pharmaceutical can bind to them. In this way, new drugs can be discovered, and the function of existing medications can be better understood in order to boost their efficacy.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_69BBAFB8_48E4_A002_41C8_EB7D4427D208.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: New pharmaceuticals</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">From the moment a molecule related to a disease is identified, whether it is produced by an infectious agent or by the human body itself, it can become a therapeutic target, in other words, a target for pharmaceutical activity. Like a puzzle piece, the pharmaceutical molecule must fit perfectly with the target molecule to stop it from acting in our body.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">For this reason, the search for pharmaceutical molecules becomes more efficient if we know the shapes they need to fit with. But this game of discovering new medications is a bit different from a puzzle: the pieces cannot be seen by the naked eye.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius is an essential tool for investigating the three-dimensional structure of molecules, allowing us to more profoundly understand how they act in the body and the processes by which a potential pharmaceutical can bind to them. In this way, new drugs can be discovered, and the function of existing medications can be better understood in order to boost their efficacy.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306E7980_E6F8_80E3_41DA_79BD353F3A9F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: New treatments</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells multiply out of control, and one of the main treatment methods is chemotherapy, which uses pharmaceuticals to destroy or block the growth of these cells. Most chemotherapy drugs interfere with mitosis, the chemical mechanism by which new cells are produced; this affects both healthy and cancerous cells, causing various side effects.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Around the world, considerable effort has been directed at developing new methods that minimize damage to the body. One of these methods is the use of nanoparticles, groupings of a few hundred atoms, that act as pills to carry and deliver the medication directly to the cancer cells. Nanoparticles of this type also present significant potential in combating bacteria (including those that are resistant to antibiotics) and viruses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius contributes to the study of nanoparticles in general as well as to the development of this and other new methods to treat cancer, combat resistant bacteria and viruses, and many other new and innovative treatments.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_69E0B34D_48EC_E002_41BC_18AC338DB019.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: New treatments</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells multiply out of control, and one of the main treatment methods is chemotherapy, which uses pharmaceuticals to destroy or block the growth of these cells. Most chemotherapy drugs interfere with mitosis, the chemical mechanism by which new cells are produced; this affects both healthy and cancerous cells, causing various side effects.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Around the world, considerable effort has been directed at developing new methods that minimize damage to the body. One of these methods is the use of nanoparticles, groupings of a few hundred atoms, that act as pills to carry and deliver the medication directly to the cancer cells. Nanoparticles of this type also present significant potential in combating bacteria (including those that are resistant to antibiotics) and viruses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius contributes to the study of nanoparticles in general as well as to the development of this and other new methods to treat cancer, combat resistant bacteria and viruses, and many other new and innovative treatments.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306FA983_E6F8_80E5_41DD_C57B5769ABCC.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Petroleum and natural gas </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Despite the intense search for alternative energy sources, the worldwide energy grid mostly depends on petroleum. New materials are consequently needed not only to improve extraction and refinement, but also to use the fossil fuels more efficiently and recycle the carbon dioxide (CO2) and other substances resulting from this consumption.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Deep-water exploration for oil and gas demands a solid understanding of the mechanical and transport-related qualities of the materials where oil and gas are found. The heterogeneity and multiphasic and multiscale properties of these materials create a variety of challenges for studying them.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius allows analyses that connect the micro and macro scales, including measurements under the different pressure and temperature conditions that are found inside such reserves.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_60024CF8_489C_6001_41D0_64B66669FF91.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Petroleum and natural gas</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Despite the intense search for alternative energy sources, the worldwide energy grid mostly depends on petroleum. New materials are consequently needed not only to improve extraction and refinement, but also to use the fossil fuels more efficiently and recycle the carbon dioxide (CO2) and other substances resulting from this consumption.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Deep-water exploration for oil and gas demands a solid understanding of the mechanical and transport-related qualities of the materials where oil and gas are found. The heterogeneity and multiphasic and multiscale properties of these materials create a variety of challenges for studying them.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius allows analyses that connect the micro and macro scales, including measurements under the different pressure and temperature conditions that are found inside such reserves.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306E2983_E6F8_80E5_41E6_9ED265992C44.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Renewable energy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Transforming biomass like sugarcane bagasse and leaves (waste from the sugar and alcohol processing industry) into fuels and chemical products has the potential to become a viable alternative to fossil fuels like petroleum and natural gas. Making this transformation efficient and economically viable is one of the great challenges of this century.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To convert biomass, the carbohydrates this sugarcane waste is made of (like cellulose) must be broken down into smaller sugars. Catalysts are useful in this process because they can be easily separated from the medium in which the chemical reaction occurs, they can be recycled, and they are also resistant to the aggressive medium required to transform biomass. Another possibility is the use of enzymatic cocktails produced by organisms that are specialized in decomposing vegetative biomass.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius helps develop low-cost catalysts as well as enzymatic cocktails, which boost conversion of the reagents and increase selectivity of the product of interest.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_609FC3AB_489F_E007_41D0_44C0C56B4B61.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Renewable energy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Transforming biomass like sugarcane bagasse and leaves (waste from the sugar and alcohol processing industry) into fuels and chemical products has the potential to become a viable alternative to fossil fuels like petroleum and natural gas. Making this transformation efficient and economically viable is one of the great challenges of this century.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To convert biomass, the carbohydrates this sugarcane waste is made of (like cellulose) must be broken down into smaller sugars. Catalysts are useful in this process because they can be easily separated from the medium in which the chemical reaction occurs, they can be recycled, and they are also resistant to the aggressive medium required to transform biomass. Another possibility is the use of enzymatic cocktails produced by organisms that are specialized in decomposing vegetative biomass.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius helps develop low-cost catalysts as well as enzymatic cocktails, which boost conversion of the reagents and increase selectivity of the product of interest.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5B292A38_48AD_A002_41A8_5EE83298B74F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Soils</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In agriculture, nutrients required for plants to grow and develop are supplied or supplemented using fertilizers, which may be mineral or organic substances, natural or synthetic. But the physical and chemical routes these nutrients take from when they are applied to soils until they are absorbed and incorporated into the plant's metabolism are still not well understood.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Soil is a solid, heterogeneous combination of organic and inorganic compounds immersed in aqueous solutions and amid plant roots. The chemical, physical, and biological processes that take place there on the atomic and molecular levels control the transport, availability, and absorption of nutrients, as well as the transport of pollutants and soil contamination.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius makes it possible to investigate the structure of this region on various scales at high resolution, revealing how nutrients as well as pollutants travel through the soil, and how they chemically change as they interact with other molecules. In this way, the processes that take place in the soil can be better understood and controlled, contributing to agricultural production that is more efficient and less environmentally aggressive.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306FA97D_E6F8_801D_41E0_24FAF93EFBE3.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Soils</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In agriculture, nutrients required for plants to grow and develop are supplied or supplemented using fertilizers, which may be mineral or organic substances, natural or synthetic. But the physical and chemical routes these nutrients take from when they are applied to soils until they are absorbed and incorporated into the plant's metabolism are still not well understood.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Soil is a solid, heterogeneous combination of organic and inorganic compounds immersed in aqueous solutions and amid plant roots. The chemical, physical, and biological processes that take place there on the atomic and molecular levels control the transport, availability, and absorption of nutrients, as well as the transport of pollutants and soil contamination.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius makes it possible to investigate the structure of this region on various scales at high resolution, revealing how nutrients as well as pollutants travel through the soil, and how they chemically change as they interact with other molecules. In this way, the processes that take place in the soil can be better understood and controlled, contributing to agricultural production that is more efficient and less environmentally aggressive.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6E248119_489D_E002_41C6_632C3CA98367.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits:</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Advanced materials</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The challenges involved in sustainable development involve availability of abundant, cheap, and clean energy. New materials must consequently be developed to improve the conversion of biomass into fuels, and to more efficiently channel light energy from the sun, kinetic energy from wind, or potential energy from water resources.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Making industrial production more efficient and less polluting by creating cheaper and more selective catalysts from lighter and stronger materials (like plastic, glass, and fibers) as well as increasingly potent and cheaper components for electronic devices is consequently essential.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius offers an enormous variety of ways to see interactions between electrons and light, bonds between chemical elements, and interactions with other substances in detail. The combination of these tools is essential for developing new materials.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5B76EF92_9584_4FDF_41E1_D376BEEADCE8.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biological and environmental models  </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Profound understanding of the interactions between nanomaterials/new materials and biological systems and the environment is essential for innovation, security, and environmental sustainability. We utilize an integrated systems approach to study these interactions and the impacts of these materials, with model organisms like bacteria, fungi, plants, nematodes, microcrustaceans, insects, and fish.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The zebrafish model is commonly used for toxicity screening of chemical compounds and materials in general. Ecotoxicity assays are done to protect aquatic and terrestrial life, as well as to assist in remediation processes and improve the quality of water and soil. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Developing new materials in harmony with protecting human, animal, and environmental health (a concept known as “safe-by-design") is a commitment here at CNPEM.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_65F28CA9_5B43_BF45_41D1_358B99E031A2.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biomass Conditioning module</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biomass Conditioning</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>module</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> covers all stages of biomass pre-processing: removing mineral impurities, grinding to generate various particle sizes, and classification by particle sizes for subsequent physical and chemical treatment. These steps are very important, since impurities in the biomass can damage equipment, and the incorrect particle size can make some processes impractical. Biomass size can also facilitate the transformation of biomass into sugars for microorganisms. But if the conditioning stage is very costly, it could make the entire process financially inviable. For this reason, this stage needs to be studied and optimized for industrial application. The main equipment in the Pilot Plant includes a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>dry cleaning system, grinding system, and vibrating sieve.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_19F56607_5B43_8B4E_41BF_6B79030F845D.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biomass Hydrolysis and Fermentation Processes</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biomass Hydrolysis</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> module is where biomass that has already undergone physical and chemical pre-treatment to break down its structure into smaller molecules of sugars for microorganisms to consume in a subsequent step may be used to generate a product of interest, for example. For instance, the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Hydrolysis Reactor</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> performs enzymatic hydrolysis of vegetative biomass with a high level of solids. Mixing the necessary enzymes into biomass with low levels of water and maintaining the entire reaction at the appropriate temperature can be challenging. The contents of the reactor must be agitated enough to allow the enzymes to act upon and break the molecules of the vegetative biomass, transforming long chains of cellulose into small molecule of glucose. The reactions can last a few hours or several days, and during the entire period the reaction parameters (temperature, pH, agitation) are controlled automatically.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_19A2F465_5B5C_8FCD_4170_4259ADF98510.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biomass and the circular economy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>circular economy</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is an economic concept that is part of sustainable development and provides a new perspective on the use of natural resources and our relationship with the environment. It involves the three Rs (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>reduce, reuse, recycle</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">) to minimize product use and irresponsible waste disposal. Products are reused and recycled, and waste is transformed into new products in order to reduce extraction of natural resources and impacts on the environment. Cascading use of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>biomass</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> in biorefineries (in other words, making the most of biomass and its byproducts) is part of the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>circular economy</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> and makes it possible to produce biorenewables like ethanol, aviation fuel, electricity, and bioplastics in favor of economic development based on sustainable use of natural resources.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0D3DAB8A_5049_FAF5_41C1_AAA8DDBC9A31.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biosafety level two facility (NB-2)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">We share our everyday lives with microorganisms that are beneficial for our health, like the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Lactobacillus sp</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. that are used to ferment milk. But some are pathogenic, like the infamous </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>SARS-CoV-2</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> virus. Microorganisms are classified into four groups according to the degree of risk they present: Risk Group 1 contains organisms that are unlikely to pose risk (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Escherichia coli</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, for example, a bacterium that is naturally present in human intestines), while Risk Group 4 contains highly pathogenic microorganisms that pose severe health risk (such as the Ebola virus, which can be deadly). This room is certified for work with Risk Group 2 microorganisms and their genetically modified derivatives. These microorganisms pose low risk to the population, even though they can cause infection, because effective therapies and prevention measures exist. Some of these microorganisms are found in environments that we have not studied, such as in soils. One example is Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic bacteria species that can cause illness in immunosuppressed people. The professionals who work in this facility are trained to manipulate this type of bacteria, and everything that leaves the work environment is carefully sterilized.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5E68E68B_5049_2AF4_41C1_F9C92E714D66.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biotechnology</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Biotechnology encompasses the use of living beings or their components to develop or create products with applications for various sectors. It is present in agriculture, in industrial production of food and beverages, in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors, and in production of biofuels and bioplastics. Biotechnology is a game-changing tool in efforts to develop more sustainable production processes that use renewable raw materials. The LNBR/CNPEM applies biotechnology to develop enzymes and microorganisms for industrial uses and in the agricultural sectors, using synthetic biology and multi-omic techniques. It also works to develop technologies and sustainable processes for industry, with scaling of technologies and sustainability assessment. The goal is to achieve products with low environmental impacts for society while generating wealth and jobs.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_436D01B9_507B_6617_41A1_7EAC168BFE09.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Brazilian biodiversity</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Brazil is known worldwide for its rich biodiversity and abundant biomass. Biodiversity is the richness and variety of a group of living beings that are present in each ecosystem, such as the Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest. The largest and best-preserved biome is the Amazon. These biomes are home to many species that are endemic (in other words, that only occur in those biomes). The soil in these biomes is also replete with many species of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and protozoa; this collection of microorganisms is called the soil microbiome. LNBR/CNPEM studies Brazilian biodiversity in these microbiomes, as well as biomass like sugarcane, corn, and agricultural byproducts, in order to make new industrial models that utilize biotechnology as a main tool viable.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3C224BAE_017A_03D0_4179_92B93346A97B.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Building microorganisms for sustainable industry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The development of high-performance microorganisms expands the portfolio of products that can be biologically obtained for industry. A fundamental step in this process of obtaining more efficient microorganisms is the introduction of modifications in their DNA sequence. The DNA molecule is composed of genes and carries all the information necessary for the functioning of an organism. To build a microorganism capable of producing a bioproduct of interest, it is necessary to introduce a gene from another organism into its DNA. How do we do it? See in this video!</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_322D2777_EBAA_9D3A_41E9_A778545CEE0F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>By which technique do we study oral cancer?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>By proteomics based on mass spectrometry.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Proteomics comprises the analysis of proteins and peptides aiming at the identification and quantification of proteins, as well as the determination of post-translational modifications, location, structure, interaction, activity and function of the same through mass spectrometry.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DDCFED8A_9F25_6C89_41D5_A97C355B99B4.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B><I>Drug repositioning. Can the solution be on the pharmacy shelves? </I></B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">CNPEM has combined techniques from molecular and structural biology, scientific computing, chemoinformatics, artificial intelligence and data from the literature to assess the potential of drugs already known for other purposes against the coronavirus. Recognized worldwide, the drug repositioning strategy reduces the time for acquiring a treatment, since it targets drugs that have already been approved and, therefore, have already been characterized and evaluated in preclinical and clinical tests.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Among the thousands of drugs tested by CNPEM researchers against the coronavirus in in silico trials, those considered the most promising go on to be tested with cells infected with the virus, a step carried out in partnership with Unicamp.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In 2020, these trials identified a drug that significantly reduced viral load in laboratory tests with SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. The data generated by CNPEM were shared with Rede Vírus MCTI, responsible for articulating the continuity of the study in clinical tests, with people infected by the coronavirus. The results of these tests, carried out by Organs competent bodies, will define the clinical efficacy of the compound selected by CNPEM.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DDCEBD84_9F25_6D79_41B8_6D01D4EC7E58.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Continuous Actions</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">With funding from the MCTI, CNPEM will deploy new infrastructure and skills, complementary to those already existing at the Center, to further advance research on pathogenic human viruses. It is expected, through this initiative, to contribute so that Brazil can quickly respond to sanitary and medical needs in situations of outbreaks, but also to guarantee a permanent research agenda that results in the deepening of basic knowledge about pathogenic human viruses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">With an initial contribution of 45 million reais, the ongoing project includes the implementation of a Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory (NB3) at CNPEM, as well as investments in infrastructure and resources in the following action fronts: Synthetic Biology and Genetic Engineering, Molecular Virology and Structural Immunology, Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Nanobiology and Diagnostic Devices, Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Development, Computational Biology and Artificial Intelligence.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">CNPEM mobilizes to respond to the challenges of the present and the future. We follow together and alert!</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DDCF4D86_9F25_6D79_41BC_80BB1E5857F0.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Continuous Actions</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The unprecedented pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak ravages humanity and highlights the importance of science and technology to contain threats to global health. CNPEM is mobilized to act at this critical moment, through its highly qualified multidisciplinary teams, its expertise in molecular and structural biology and the domain of competences, such as protein crystallography, computational biology, large-scale drug screenings and cryomicroscopy.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Emerging human viruses such as Covid-19 are expected to continue to threaten global public health, with significant socio-economic and well-being implications. The adequate response to epidemic outbreaks requires, among others, the permanent establishment of multidisciplinary scientific and technological skills, aimed at identifying etiological agents, developing diagnostic methods and strategies for preventing and treating viral diseases.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DDCCCD88_9F25_6C89_41C3_992FE797BD3A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Diagnosis</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Are people who have had COVID-19 immune to the disease ?</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Do asymptomatic people who have contracted COVID-19 develop antibodies ? Do front-line healthcare professionals produce defenses against the virus ?</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Understanding the behavior of the immune system during the new coronavirus pandemic can help to clarify questions that science has not yet answered and support public health policy decision-making.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This is one of the reasons that motivates the National Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) to develop national and economically accessible protocols for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DDCC5D89_9F25_6C8B_41E1_228742F21922.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Drug repositioning. Work continues.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">CNPEM continues its drug screening activities, with funding from the Financier of Studies and Projects (FINEP) and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations (MCTI). Although it identified a promising candidate, it is known that for the treatment of viruses it is common that more than one drug is needed to overcome the frequent mutations of the viruses. In other words, a therapeutic arsenal is often needed, a cocktail capable of inhibiting different viral targets, as happens in the treatment of HIV. The possibility of combining more than one medication is one of the fronts that guide CNPEM's actions.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In addition, the Center operates in the production and determination of the structure of viral proteins that can be therapeutic targets, supporting the development of new therapies. Structural and molecular biology studies are only possible because CNPEM has sophisticated equipment, such as the Manacá beamline on Sirius and cryomicroscopes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DDCEDD87_9F25_6C87_41C8_9EC6E714D6F4.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Engineering: solutions from accelerators to masks.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To help professionals working on the front lines of the fight against COVID-19, the CNPEM Engineering group designed and produced a plastic mask for individual protection, adapted to the production processes and machinery available at the Center and within strict quality standards.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The visors, simple to assemble and compatible with other protective masks, are made of crystalline material, light and resistant, and can be cleaned and reused. A first batch was successfully submitted to tests at the Medical Specialties Clinic in Limeira.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_964DD1DF_A488_0D24_41B6_511255864764.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing technology</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The new technology </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>works like a genetic scissor</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to precisely cut DNA strands from practically any living being. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This scissor is an </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>enzyme called Cas9</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, which works together with a small molecule called single-guide RNA (sgRNA) that was synthesized to bind to a specific DNA sequence in the genome; it guides Cas9 to this sequence, where the enzyme cuts the DNA. The gene can then be inactivated or a single letter can be substituted, depending on the type of CRISPR tool that is being used.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_BABC6DF7_9F25_AC87_41E2_0D27C3BF30CD.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cancer biology laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Today, the cancer biology laboratory is investigating how glutaminase (the enzyme) and glutamine (the nutrient) affect the way the immune system defends the body from cancer cells, and how the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>monoclonal antibodies (biologically-based medications) </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">currently used in cancer work. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is also interest in developing methods to </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>cultivate cells in three dimensions</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to mimic</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">tumor masses. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_BAA3FDF8_9F25_AC89_41B0_AFDD738FD23D.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cancer biology laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Metabolic exchanges between cancer</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>cells and the immune system create</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>tolerance and overpower the immune</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>system.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>*</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Lactate and quinurine</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> are metabolic</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">byproducts of cancer cells that inactivate immune cells, thus allowing the tumor to grow.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>* Myeloid-deprived suppressor cells</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">originate from the bone marrow and</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">develop characteristics that make them destructive to the immune system.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_BABDFDFC_9F25_AC89_41E0_169C51150F65.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cancer biology laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">One victory in this quest was the resolution of the atomic structure of a protein called </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>glutaminase</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, which is important for cells to metabolize a nutrient called glutamine.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The research group proposed and produced images of this active protein, and has been looking for molecules that can be used in new pharmaceuticals to deactivate it.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Using an advanced </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>single particle electron microscopy technique</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, they revealed the true active form of this enzyme.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This was the first group to reveal the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>atomic structure of glutaminase using protein crystallography and small angle X-ray scattering technology</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_BAA3EDFB_9F25_AC8F_41CE_99B4FE47F824.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cancer biology laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The article </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mitochondrial localization and structure-based phosphate activation mechanism of Glutaminase C with implications for cancer metabolism</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, published in issue 109 of the American research journal Proceedings da National Academy of Sciences (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112495109), demonstrated the regions that are important for glutaminase C activities and how levels of this protein increase in breast tumors.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_BABC1DFA_9F25_AC89_41E3_914AE20FD76F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cancer biology laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The cancer biology laboratory studies a type of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>breast cancer known as triple-negative</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, which does not respond to the most efficient target therapies that are currently available. This type of cancer is particularly sensitive to the lack of glutamine.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>The group's publications have already demonstrated that:</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">• use of glutaminase-inhibiting drugs kills these cells or causes them to grow more slowly;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">• inhibiting glutaminase as well as fat utilization affects them even more strongly;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">• there are new therapeutic targets for this type of tumor;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">• glutaminase is also important in </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>colorectal cancer</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, and is associated with a higher risk of this type of tumor in individuals with a specific alteration in their DNA. This discovery was made in partnership with a group led by Dr. George Calin at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Texas.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_BABD4DFD_9F25_AC8B_41E0_2F0EED0432A2.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cancer biology laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:26px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LNBio's cancer biology Laboratory</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is a group composed of biologists, pharmacists, biotechnicians, chemists, and biomedical specialists that carry out research on the molecular and cellular biology of cancer.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The objective is to understand what changes in a cell for it to become cancerous, especially changes in the way it consumes and utilizes nutrients (sugar, fats, and amino acids).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The goal is to find the “Achilles' heel” of cancerous cells to effectively defeat them.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C00620E4_A12E_B4B9_41E0_89BA17196B47.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular biology laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Heart failure</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is a disease with high morbidity and mortality that affects over 23 million patients worldwide. Half of these patients die within 5 years of being diagnosed. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The physiological mechanism of heart failure is the adult heart’s </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>inability</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to regenerate </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>lost or damaged myocardial tissue.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C00650E3_A12E_B4BF_41C3_28D215C75932.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular biology laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Although cardiac myocytes (the heart cells responsible for contracting) are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>renewed</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> in the adult heart, this process is </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>limited and not sufficient</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to repair contractile dysfunction.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Early in life, the heart is capable of substantial regeneration after injury due to the proliferation of pre-existing cardiac myocytes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">But this regenerative capacity is lost during the first days after birth, which coincides with changes in how the heart consumes and utilizes nutrients (like sugars, fats, and amino acids).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C006A0E5_A12E_B4BB_41DB_EB3483357AD6.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular biology laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">At LNBio's cardiovascular biology laboratory, researchers explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of heart failure and the inability of the adult heart to regenerate the myocardium (heart tissue) that is lost after a heart attack.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The ultimate goal is to identify molecular targets that are important for developing new classes of pharmacological inhibitors to treat chronic heart failure. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_C00470E1_A12E_B4BB_41AD_4F996A79E41B.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular biology laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">During the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>first days after birth</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, when the heart has a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>strong capacity for regeneration</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, it uses sugars as its main energy source.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">But the adult heart, which is no longer able to regenerate its cells, uses fats as its energy source. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This change in how the heart consumes and utilizes nutrients may be the key to </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>developing new therapies</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> for cardiac diseases.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C005B0DE_A12E_B489_41E2_B5882850B670.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular biology laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">It is essential to continue this research and develop new classes of therapeutics to regenerate organs and tissues in order to improve quality of life for patients affected by heart disease.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C00400DF_A12E_B487_41DC_DAE266A5F16D.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular biology laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The cardiovascular biology laboratory is currently looking for new classes of pharmaceuticals to inhibit the PDK4 enzyme in order to treat cardiovascular diseases. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">As part of these efforts, we resolved the atomic structure of the PDK4 enzyme linked to an inhibiting molecule.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C005E0E0_A12E_B4B9_41DC_3FD97973A24C.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular biology laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">We have recently </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>demonstrated that it is possible to reduce the consumption of fat by the adult heart and consequently reactivate its regenerative capacity</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In an article entitled </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mitochondrial substrate utilization regulates cardiomyocyte cell-cycle progression</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, published in Nature Metabolism, we showed that inhibition of the PDK4 enzyme is a key target for developing new regenerative therapies for the heart.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_54C71B8A_7714_CA54_41DD_C32EEF5E7EEF.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Carnaúba </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Soil is a solid, heterogeneous combination of organic and inorganic compounds immersed in aqueous solutions and amid plant roots. The chemical, physical, and biological processes that take place there on the atomic and molecular levels control the transport and availability of nutrients. For this reason, knowledge in this area on the nanometric scale is essential to attain more efficient and sustainable agricultural production.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Carnaúba beamline</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> can analyze a wide array of nanostructured materials in order to obtain 2D and 3D images with nanometric resolution of the composition and structure of soils, biological materials, and fertilizers, for example, as well as other investigations in the environmental sciences. This is because this is Sirius's longest beamline, at 150 meters long. The longer distance between the X-ray source and the sample makes it possible to produce a beam of synchrotron light with a focus of just 30 nanometers.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The carnaúba palm (Copernicia prunifera) is endemic to Brazil's northeastern region, a symbol of the state of Ceará and popularly known as the tree of life. The name comes from the Tupi word for the tree, karana’iwa. caraná”.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_551AA03F_7714_56AC_41D0_6CF692433323.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cateretê</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Understanding problems related to life sciences and medicine involves the study of living beings on scales that range from proteins and enzymes, active biological molecules and organelles, cells, tissues, and organs up to entire organisms.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cateretê beamline </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">is optimized to obtain three-dimensional images with nanometric resolution of different materials ranging in size from a macromolecule measuring tens of nanometers in size up to the tissue measuring several millimeters where it is found. In this way, this beamline makes it possible to investigate the dynamics of biological phenomena on several different scales.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">One of the main features of Cateretê is its coherent X-ray beam, which focuses on a region of approximately 40 micrometers. This beam can be used to obtain 3D images of mammal cells measuring tens of micrometers in a liquid environment similar to where the cells naturally occur, in a non-destructive manner.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Cateretê, or white jacaranda (Machaerium vestitum), is a tree found in the southeast and south of Brazil. Its name also comes from the Tupi language, and a Brazilian dance shares this name.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5B8E2C38_959C_F0CB_4191_D0411DF845D1.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cell culture</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Cell culture techniques are available in a controlled environment using isolated cells (in vitro) to assess cytotoxicity and biological effects of nanomaterials, especially in order to study biochemical and physiological effects of cell response.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The main means of exposure to the materials are generally considered (dermal, oral, inhalation, etc.), and then cell lines related to the biological tissues in these exposure routes are selected for the studies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Assays are also conducted in isolated tissue cells from Danio rerio (zebrafish), such as the ZFL (liver) and ZF4 (embryonic) lines. Biochemical studies are conducted to monitor biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage (genotoxicity). </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FE82752_E995_7D7A_41DF_F256FAB3CAB1.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cerebral organoid</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Confocal microscope image of a cerebral organoid derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) used to study neurogenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Cells positive for the SOX2 marker, which indicates neuroprogenitor cells with a high capacity for proliferation, are shown in green; MAP2-positive cells, which are mature neurons, are shown in red, and cell nuclei appear in blue.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C9512C55_9F2E_B39B_41AD_05CD9A94EFB3.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Chagas disease</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>7 million cases worldwide</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, 6 million in Latin America, 1.9–4.6 million in Brazil from 2010 to 2019.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">(source: who.org, dndi.org, and gov.br/saude).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C952DC54_9F2E_B399_41C5_2BC2DA3857BA.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Chagas disease</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">CNPEM researchers have tested thousands of chemical compounds on infected cells to identify molecules that can kill the T. cruzi parasite.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Protein crystallization</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> and synchrotron</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">light source techniques can also assist the scientists in this research.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C30AEB0C_A488_FD2B_41D6_AF68347BB278.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Characterization, Functionality, and Stability</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Microfluid systems ("organ on a chip") are platforms that simulate the function of the human body and bloodstream, allowing assessment of oral and dermic absorption of pharmaceuticals. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Testing platform to determine the effects of pharmaceutical compounds on a replica of human skin.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_40855B4B_772D_CAD4_41A6_1759B6C72862.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Chemistry laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In the chemistry laboratory, internal and external users will find safe operating conditions and appropriate inputs to manipulate and prepare samples of the materials that will be analyzed in the beamlines, as well as other chemical products required for their research.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This support lab is intended to centralize the handling of chemicals, facilitating traceability and overall control and ensuring that these activities follow CNPEM's safety standards through training, technical support, and monitoring.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA459FA3_A498_F51D_41CD_A8E672C9D383.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Chikungunya is transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Aedes; its symptoms are acute fever, skin rash, and especially joint pain, accompanied by headache, swollen joints, and conjunctivitis.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The first case was documented in 1952 in Tanzania. In Brazil, there have been cases in the states of Amapá and Bahia since 2014, and records indicate that the Chikungunya virus is circulating throughout the entire country. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There are no medications or vaccines for Chikungunya. The only way to prevent it is to eliminate places where mosquitoes breed, and to use repellents, insecticides, and mosquito netting. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFBB7E0B_5BF4_1921_4162_FCDC199FB461.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Como estudamos o câncer de boca</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Avaliando a iniciação e progressão que ocorrem quando células normais são modificadas pelos fatores de risco.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA9235B3_5B8C_0B61_41B3_85C1778568C8.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Como estudamos o câncer de boca</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Avaliando a iniciação e progressão que ocorrem quando células normais são modificadas pelos fatores de risco.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFBB9E12_5BF4_1923_41A3_0C2C83F62D5E.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Como traduzir a descoberta para a prática clínica?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Por </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>meio das técnicas</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> da imagem. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA9165B8_5B8C_0B6F_41C7_65A2B1B737A1.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Como traduzir a descoberta para a prática clínica?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Por </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>meio das técnicas</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> da imagem. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E2CDA5CB_979C_534D_41DC_2F83976F4689.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Complete structure of the Mayaro virus</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A study using sophisticated cryogenic electron microscopy equipment and advanced molecular biology techniques has revealed the structure of the Mayaro virus, at 4.4-angstrom resolution.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This is the first time in Brazil and Latin America that the complete structure of a virus has been described by a multi- disciplinary team of researchers at CNPEM. The study was published in Nature Communications in 2021.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This virus causes an infectious mosquito-borne illness known as Mayaro fever that involves joint pain and can last for months. It is one of Brazil's neglected endemic diseases; it is difficult to diagnose and its symptoms closely resemble those of Chikungunya virus, which significantly impairs con- trol strategies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">One detail in its structure is the chains of sugars (orange) linked in the E2 protein (green). These sugars face each other in a configuration described as a handshake. Resear- chers believe that these sugars are recognized by the immune system, and can also help the virus organize and become more stable.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AB625E12_5D94_1923_41C9_AC722FB44080.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Confocal laser microscopy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The confocal laser microscopy technique provides topology images with depth selectivity, combining conventional optical and laser microscopy to obtain high-resolution images.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The images are created from the light reflected by the sample. On-board electronics allow the user to define the highest and lowest points (Z axis) in the area of interest and slice the images so that various photos can be acquired from the same region but at different points on the Z axis, which can reach 10 nanometers resolution. Finally, a 3-D reconstruction is made of the target image.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Here are some images produced with a confocal laser microscope.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA91E5BA_5B8C_0B63_41B4_B4DFDFEF9F84.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Contribuições</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Novas descobertas científicas;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Difusão de conhecimento;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Antecipar o diagnóstico e prognóstico pelo profissional da saúde;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Aumentar o tempo e a qualidade de vida do paciente.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFB85E16_5BF4_1923_41D4_4D4C77BC745D.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Contribuições</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Novas descobertas científicas;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Difusão de conhecimento;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Antecipar o diagnóstico e prognóstico pelo profissional da saúde;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Aumentar o tempo e a qualidade de vida do paciente.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3EFBEEDB_A1E7_AC8F_41C3_A0B34EF60BFD.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Contributions</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">New scientific discoveries;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Diffusion of knowledge;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Faster diagnostics and prognostics for health professionals;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Extend patients' lifespans and improve their quality of life.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_322C8779_EBAA_9D36_41BE_748BB87649EB.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Contributions</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">New scientific discoveries;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Dissemination of knowledge;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Anticipate the diagnosis and prognosis by the health professional;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Increase the patient's time and quality of life.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_6FEBF751_E995_7D76_41E9_F962226EB996.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cortical neurons</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Cortical neurons from an animal model marked with mercury and imaged in a UVX ring synchrotron. Using microtomography we can see this cell in situ, in three dimensions and with high resolution. Each color represents a single cell or a group of cells. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_133DD03E_5B43_87BF_41BC_10EBE248C7CA.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Crossing the technological valley of death</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The process of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>developing</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>technology</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> naturally involves several important </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>stages</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, from scientific research and prototyping up to incorporating the technology into products that will be introduced to markets. These stages do not have a set order, and can be interactive. In the 1970s, NASA proposed a scale involving nine </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Technology Readiness Levels</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (TRL) to assess the maturity level of a specific technology that covers all these stages. Today, the scale is used to measure how ready a technology is for market. The period between the stages involving demonstration and scaling of a new technology (TRL 4–TRL 7) involves high technological risks that require major investments. During this period, many companies abandon their innovation projects, and for this reason this phase is called the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>technological valley of death</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. LNBR/CNPEM conducts R&amp;D at TRLs ranging from 1 to 7, in other words, from development of new technologies in initial stages to expanding them to relevant semi-industrial levels of operations. Partners help new developments successfully emerge from the technological valley of death, validating processes at semi-industrial scales and with licensed technologies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5CA2F4CD_9584_D145_41D3_1F34E3095795.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CytoViva and fluorescence microscopy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The darkfield hyperspectral microscopy technique (CytoViva) is a system for identifying nanoparticles and nanomaterials after interactions with cells and biological tissues of interest.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This technique makes it possible to collect the spectral signature of the materials and use it to identify these nanostructured materials in different matrixes and biological tissues.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The technique can also be used to evaluate morphological changes in the tissues and cells under specific physiological conditions.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The fluorescence microscopy technique is one of the most popular methods to observe and quantify cells, and makes it possible to identify fixed or even living structures (using specific markers with fluorescent probes) of cells like membranes, cytoplasm, nuclei, and organelles.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0A838DD7_5057_DE1B_41D1_5972FEB9A35F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>DNA sequencing</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Next-generation sequencing</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (NGS) of DNA and RNA molecules is a revolutionary technique that allows us to study microbe communities in soils and plants in a rapid, reproducible manner and yields an enormous quantity of data at a lower cost than conventional sequencing techniques. LNBR/CNPEM uses this cutting-edge equipment to analyze the complete DNA sequence of a single organism </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>(genomics)</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> or of microbial communities </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>(metagenomics)</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. This makes it possible to </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>identify genes</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> and their respective functions, study other relevant genetic elements, and determine what microorganisms comprise the community in question. Additionally, </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>metatranscriptomics analyses</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (of the complete sequence of messenger RNA from microbial communities) provide information about what genes are active (or expressed), the level of gene expression, and how they are influenced by environmental conditions. In this way, NGS can be used to study the molecular foundations of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>microorganisms that are useful </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">for industry or beneficial to plants in more detail, along with all of their action mechanisms. It is makes it possible to analyze the microbial communities responsible for soil </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>emissions of greenhouse gases</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3FB2691B_7D32_758D_4190_9D2417E7BD07.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Decarbonization and circular economy </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The increasing use of natural resources, such as burning fossil fuels, has increased CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, which are one of the causes of global warming and climate change. Climate change represents humanity's greatest global challenge, and global policies have raised strategies to mitigate emissions, called decarbonization, such as encouraging the use of biorenewables. Several products of industrial relevance, such as food, beverages, cosmetics, biofuels and plastics, can be examples of renewable strategies to achieve CO2 emission reduction targets. This is possible with the efficient use of energy and renewable resources, such as biomass and agro-industrial waste. The new economic practice, called circular economy, involves precisely the concept of reducing, reusing and recycling to make decarbonization a reality. The industrial biotechnology practiced at LNBR enables new models of industrial production to generate wealth and jobs while reducing impacts on the environment, contributing to the decarbonization process.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_1C1A595D_011A_0F70_4169_70190169FE2F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Decarbonization and the circular economy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Growing use of natural resources (such as burning fossil fuels) has increased emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere; this is one cause of global warning and climate change. Climate change is a major global challenge for humanity, and for this reason many global policies have proposed strategies to mitigate these emissions in efforts known as </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>decarbonization</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to encourage the use of biorenewables. Various industrially relevant products like foods, beverages, cosmetics, biofuels, and plastics can be examples of renewable strategies to reach CO2 emissions reduction goals. This is possible with efficient use of energy and renewable resources like biomass and agroindustrial waste. The new economic practice known as the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>circular economy</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> involves precisely this concept of reducing, reusing, and recycling in order to make decarbonization a reality. The industrial biotechnology practiced at LNBR/CNPEM makes new industrial models feasible to generate wealth and jobs while also reducing environmental impacts and contributing to the decarbonization process.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA47CF9C_A498_F52B_41C3_A0C1938EC7A0.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Dengue virus (DENV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes; its most common symptoms are fever, headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, nausea/vomiting, skin rashes, and fatigue. There are four serotypes of the virus that cause disease, and recovery from infection provides lifelong immunity against that serotype. Consecutive infections increase the risk of developing severe dengue.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. The first report of an epidemic dates back to 1779/1780. The virus currently circulates in tropical and subtropical countries, particularly in urban areas. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is no specific medication for infection itself, but the symptoms can be controlled. Mosquito breeding sites can be eliminated to prevent the disease. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E5DD1758_5BB4_172F_41C7_48BB85987558.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Differences between Electron Microscopes: Scanning X Transmission</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Using electronic microscopes, we study the crystallographic structure of materials, as well as their chemical composition, and binding states of their chemical elements, at atomic, nanometric and micrometric levels. Technological advances in recent decades also allow us to observe and analyze, in their natural form, dynamic phenomena with more precision and reproducibility in these tiny dimensions.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">LNNano provides, to national and international scientific communities, access to a wide range of conventional and advanced electronic microscopy techniques, such as scanning and transmission microscopy.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In scanning electronic microscopes, larger samples can be placed inside the equipment. A beam of electrons runs through the material surface, revealing its structure.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Transmission electron microscopes use a different method of operation. The electron beam is generated in the top of the equipment and descends along a vertical column, interacting with a thin slice of the sample. This interaction allows the analysis of specific areas of the material, with resolutions that reach 0.6 angstrom, as is the case with the Titan microscope, present in this room.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5F5918E0_9584_717A_41D1_8771DFA86C2B.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Dispersion Characterization</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Dispersion characterization is a fundamental stage in the study of any type of nanostructure when conducting biological, toxicological, and environmental studies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">For these efforts, equipment is available to characterize the dispersions of nanoparticles, nanomaterials, polymers, and biomolecules in liquid mediums, buffers, mineral water, and various culture mediums.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Particle size, superficial electrical charge, formation of biocoronas, and aggregation/agglomeration phenomena in the selected media are commonly evaluated.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2F1BB11E_A13D_9589_41DC_D92CCAD63519.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Drug Discovery at LNBio </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The drug discovery platform at LNBio is comprised of state-of-the-art equipment and teams that complement each other in the process of managing, analyzing, synthesizing, and biologically assessing molecules.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2F1C211B_A13D_958F_41C4_11CD033DE9F3.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Drug discovery at LNBio from Brazil’s biodiversity</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The drug discovery platform at LNBio has a significant competitive advantage in Brazil for finding new molecules with the potential for development into innovative pharmaceuticals.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In partnerships with innovative Brazilian companies and academia, unique chemical libraries are being created. The collection of natural products currently contains 6,000 samples from 600 plants in four of Brazil's biomes, as well as dozens of marine bacteria. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This chemical collection contains over 20,000 unique compounds, many of which have not been previously reported. Additionally, the compounds in the collection cover a large chemical range, including the area that is most likely to yield pharmaceuticals for oral use. This new chemical diversity can inspire the development of new innovative pharmaceuticals.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2F1CA11A_A13D_9589_41D0_40F968ED1A2F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Drug discovery at LNBio from Brazil’s biodiversity</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To discover natural products of pharmaceutical interest in samples obtained from Brazilian biodiversity, the CNPEM used an innovative approach. The NP3 approach brings together three orthogonal analysis methods: miniature-scale biological assays, mass-spectrometry metabolomics, and protein crystallography. These are done on a large scale to generate a wide range of data. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Using customized algorithms developed by CNPEM (NP3 algorithms), these data can be processed and mined to obtain highly relevant information for developing new pharmaceuticals: chemical structure of naturally bioactive products, and the target protein site and means of ligation.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AF8A1E78_5D9F_F9EF_41D0_9D38B6004F4E.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Electromagnetism laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The electromagnetism laboratory is where the planning, construction, and characterization of equipment and devices with specific configurations involving magnetic fields, radiofrequency systems (IR), and accelerator injection systems are carried out.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_158AC9A2_496C_E006_41CB_82BB1A018458.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Electromagnets</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In the electron accelerators, the particles are maintained in stable orbits by a set of dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole electromagnets, which comprise what is known as a magnetic lattice. The magnetic lattice is what determines the quality of the "path" where the electrons travel. The specification of the magnetic lattice is the most important step in planning a synchrotron light source, since this is what determines the characteristics of the electron beam and, in turn, the resulting synchrotron light.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The dipole magnets are mainly responsible for generating the magnetic field responsible for curving the trajectory of the electrons, defining the reference orbit around which the electrons will remain stored. Meanwhile, the quadrupole and sextupole magnets focus and correct the electron beam.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AEBD6111_5D9C_0B21_41D1_DC5D9C7A830A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Electron beam lithography</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The eLINE Plus lithography system utilizes an electron beam with nanometric precision to selectively modify the structure of polymer resins. The beam can create patterns used to fabricate various devices and sensors for the areas of health, energy, and the environment. Besides its nanometric resolution, much more precise alignments are possible, which could permit more complex devices such as integrated circuits, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AEC94510_5D9C_0B20_41CC_F85BAC1ECEA5.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Electronics and Advanced Controls Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Electronics and Advanced Controls Laboratory is the main home of the Instrumentation, Electronics, and Software team, which is responsible for planning, building, testing, maintaining, and integrating hardware and software for automation and control systems, synchronism, beam diagnostics, current and tension sources, data acquisition, supervisor systems, interlocking, information systems for managing equipment, network infrastructure, and high-performance computing.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_554FE751_7714_3AF7_41DC_67046BA26DED.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ema </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">When materials are subjected to extreme temperatures, pressures, or magnetic fields, they can exhibit new properties, for example shifting from a conductor to an insulator, from magnetic to non-magnetic, and vice versa.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ema beamline</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> makes it possible to conduct experiments on materials subjected to extreme conditions. The study of matter under these conditions allows us to investigate new materials with characteristics that do not exist under normal conditions. This is the case with superconductive materials, for instance, which are capable of conducting electrical currents without resistance and have the potential to revolutionize energy transmission and storage.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The temperatures and pressures simulated in this beamline can reach over 8000 degrees Celsius and twice the pressure in the center of the Earth, respectively. These conditions can only be replicated in much smaller environments, and can be revealed using a high-brilliance X-ray beam like the one produced by Sirius.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The ema (Rhea americana) is a flightless bird native to South America, and is considered Brazil's largest bird. The males of the species are responsible for incubating the eggs and caring for the chicks.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_A1F14138_948C_50CB_41E1_0DE3A086463A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Energy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">LNNano's energy program is focused on using nanotechnology tools to develop alternative energy sources using electrochemical processes. The program develops processes to store solar energy through hydrogen (H2) generation, a system that mimics photosynthesis and stores energy using electrochemical processes, mainly with solid lithium ion (Li+) batteries.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To respond to this and other energy-related challenges, our researchers use knowledge from materials science and modern tools for processing and characterizing nanomaterials such as micro- and nanofabrication, ultra-high-resolution electron microscopy, and tomography techniques that are available at Sirius.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_A74D7477_948D_D145_41D7_3E79A38BACD2.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Environment</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">LNNano focuses on research and development of advanced materials that are environmentally friendly, from production through disposal. One of today's major challenges is generating technologies that do not involve chemicals that can harm human health or the environment. In this way, replacing petroleum-derived raw materials with renewable resources and using green production methods have become essential for a more sustainable future.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this context, cellulose derived from biomass is an excellent material for innovation. It is abundant in nature, renewable, nontoxic, and offers countless possibilities for practical uses involving technology that already exists, as well as for developing new technologies. For example, cellulose nanoparticles can be combined with other nanomaterials (like graphene, inorganic particles, or latex), organic molecules, and biopolymers and provide new functionalities for a broad spectrum of applications, like sensors and devices, colloidal stabilizers, adhesives, polymer composites, and materials for environmental remediation.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_1955583D_5B5F_87BD_41C5_404A321D6E52.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Environmental Assessment and Life Cycle Analysis</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sustainability</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is divided into </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>three</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> pillars: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>social, economic</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>environmental</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. For sustainable development, these three pillars should coexist harmoniously. Let's talk about the environmental pillar. Every day we enjoy a variety of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>services</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> offered by </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>ecosystems</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> that provide us with food, water, raw materials, and other consumables and regulate environmental activities (for example, perpetuating the water and carbon cycles). We should monitor our relationships with ecosystems so that they always remain in equilibrium. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Life cycle analysis</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (LCA) evaluates a product, process, or service's </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>impacts</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> on the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>environment</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> throughout its entire </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>life cycle</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, from raw material through final disposal. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ecosystem analysis</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (EA) adds the specific characteristics of environmental components and their </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>interactions</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> with the biorenewable product to the LCA. Integrating EA and LCA makes it easier to identify opportunities for improvement and avoid local impacts (land use water pollution, increased toxicity in the environment, etc.) as well as global impacts (like global warming and use of nonrenewable energy).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3107ADC9_011E_0750_4168_14956371D8CA.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Enzyme production and purification</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To understand what enzymes do and how they work, it is often necessary to produce them in the laboratory and purify them for functional and structural assays. How is this done at LNBR? Understand in this video!</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_43679E3C_772C_4AAC_41CD_304A3F9267DD.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Extreme Thermodynamic Conditions Laboratory  </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this support laboratory, extreme conditions like high/low temperatures, high pressure, and magnetic fields can be generated so that samples of materials can be analyzed under these special conditions. This is because they may behave in new and different ways under these conditions. For example, the atoms that comprise the material move closer to each other when the material is subjected to higher pressure; this produces a new arrangement for the atoms, which may lead to the formation of new materials or the discovery of new states or unusual phenomena.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this lab, beamline users have the infrastructure necessary to prepare their samples for experiments under different extreme conditions. One of these special devices, which fits in the palm of your hand, is called a diamond anvil cell, and "squeezes" the sample between two diamonds, applying pressure almost as high as the levels found at the core of Planet Earth.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_65F52788_5B43_8942_41D5_CF261FBF7358.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Fermentation Processes I module</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Fermentation Processes I</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> module is utilized to produce enzymes, substances present in all living beings that act like molecular machines and can accelerate biochemical processes that are important for essential cellular functions. Today, the study of enzymes is essential for manufacturing a variety of products like medications, biofuels, plastics, and foodstuffs. A </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>bioreactor</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is used to maintain optimal conditions for the microorganisms to produce the enzymes of interest; it controls pH, temperature, agitation, and aeration. In the bioreactor, the microorganism is added to the nutrients and maintained for a certain time to obtain the product of interest. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>UHT</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is a continuous system used to sterilize liquid nutrients in order to eliminate any microbial contaminants. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>process tank</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is where various solutions that will be used in the bioprocesses are produced.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_7603DC23_5AC4_FF45_41CB_049C733493EB.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Fermentation Processes II module</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Fermentation Processes II </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">module has equipment for various fermentation processes. In this step, the biomass has already been transformed into substances that the microorganisms will consume to obtain the desired product. The microorganisms are placed inside the bioreactors, where the transformative process we call fermentation will occur under controlled conditions with nutrients present. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Bioreactors</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> are devices used to provide the best conditions for the microorganisms, permitting researchers to control temperature, pH, agitation, aeration (if necessary), and other variables. Notably, this bioreactor setup makes it possible to apply aerobic and anaerobic processes, as well as different process control strategies and ways of adding nutrients. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>disc centrifuge</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is a device that separates solids from liquids, and is used to separate out yeast after fermentation, for example. The sterile </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>mash tanks </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">are used to store sterile nutrients used in our fermentation processes. The process </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>tanks </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">are where various solutions needed for the processes are prepared.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AEB1589C_5D9C_1927_41CB_E35BF082483C.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Former UVX synchrotron light source (1997-2019)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In 1987, construction began to build Brazil's first large-scale scientific infrastructure, which was planned to function as a multiuser laboratory open to the scientific community. Between 1987 and 1997, the National Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) developed the technology to build the first synchrotron light source in the Southern Hemisphere, called UVX.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">UVX was a second-generation synchrotron light source with 1.37 GeV of energy, which allowed experiments using various techniques to analyze matter with infrared and ultraviolet radiation and X-rays. On August 2, 2019, the UVX synchrotron light source ceased its activities for researchers as Sirius took over this function, one of the world's first fourth-generation synchrotron light sources to start operations.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_7F678C55_5AC4_7FCD_41D6_0B834F943853.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>From the laboratory to the factory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The LNBR/CNPEM Pilot Plant is a facility focused on developing biotechnological processes. It is comprised of modules that can operate independently. These modules contain equipment that reproduces industrial conditions for the main steps in the biotechnological processes. In this way, the LNBR/CNPEM Pilot Plant is a powerful tool for accelerating industrial applications of scientific discoveries.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_19ABCE8D_5B5C_7B42_41CD_934B271A464F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Georeferencing to support sustainability</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">At LNBR we use </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>georeferencing</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> for </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>sustainable use</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> of natural resources and to assist in </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>decision making</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. Characteristics related to producing a biorenewable may </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>vary depending</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>on location</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, as a result of the climate, availability of raw materials, land, water, biodiversity preservation centers, costs, and greenhouse gas emissions, for example. The information acquired from georeferencing guides technological developments, and helps support decision-making processes related to the transition to a biologically-based economy. The use of this georeferenced information permits sustainable production of biorenewables that minimizes impacts on the environment, optimizes use of natural resources, and promotes social and economic benefits. A practical example can be seen in the distance biomass travels from the fields to the biorefinery, which affects fuel use and, in turn, transport costs and the quantity of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_09395A60_9484_F17B_41D6_79C3C824D1D3.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Green foam in an aquatic environment</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">"Green" foam made from natural materials efficiently absorbs oils and solvents. This material, made from a combination of nanocellulose fibrils and natural rubber latex, demonstrated excellent capacity to absorb various types of oils and organic solvents, which can be very useful in removing contaminants from water. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The foam is not only made of abundant, renewable biomass, but also can absorb up to 50 times its own volume in pollutants, even more viscous ones. Additionally, initial testing showed that the foam was still highly effective even after 20 reuse cycles, and still absorbed quickly (between 1s and 10s).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2A9A7FB1_9583_CFDD_41DA_6BE0FC1C8C3A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Green foam in an aquatic environment</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">"Green" foam made from natural materials efficiently absorbs oils and solvents. This material, made from a combination of nanocellulose fibrils and natural rubber latex, demonstrated excellent capacity to absorb various types of oils and organic solvents, which can be very useful in removing contaminants from water.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The foam is not only made of abundant, renewable biomass, but also can absorb up to 50 times its own volume in pollutants, even more viscous ones. Additionally, initial testing showed that the foam was still highly effective even after 20 reuse cycles, and still absorbed quickly (between 1s and 10s).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_A74CD0B1_948C_51DD_419D_DC2116A89EEF.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Health</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Nanostructured materials, micro- and nanofabricated devices, and computational methods play essential roles in scientific and technological advances in public, animal, and environmental health. In this way, profound understanding of how nanomaterials interact with biological systems (proteins, cells, and microorganisms), as well as of the structures of biomolecules and biomaterials, is fundamental for the discovery of biomarkers, treatments for pathologies, and safety protocols. For this reason, we need to make progress in studying and controlling nano-scale phenomena at the interface with complex biological systems.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LNNano's health program</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is intended to create a distinct environment that is highly favorable for research at the cutting edge of learning, and works in an integrated and multidisciplinary manner on three main fronts: i) sensors and biomonitoring, ii) nanobiointerfaces, and iii) cryogenic electron microscopy. This provides unique opportunities for science, technology, and innovation.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_B013636D_9A7E_0F23_41D0_DBFD7C14D5C8.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Height of graphene sheets</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Graphite is composed of layers of carbon atoms organized into hexagons. Isolating just one of these layers produces graphene.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This is the thinnest nanomaterial that exists, just a single atom thick. Graphene is a promising material due to its conductive properties and mechanical strength.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Using atomic force microscopy, we can measure the height of graphene sheets.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2C6A6B7D_4964_A003_41D0_6C8A5422D344.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>High field dipole</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Synchrotron light is produced when the electrons that circulate in the main accelerator have their trajectory curved by electromagnetic forces. There are some ways to "force" the electron beam to change direction, and in Sirius the components that do this are dipole magnets and ondulators.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The image here shows how dipole magnets work by provoking a single curve in the electrons' trajectory to produce synchrotron light. Although ondulators are the main way of extracting radiation from lights sources, in Sirius some beamlines benefit from the special form of synchrotron light produced by high field dipole magnets.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FE8274F_E995_7D6A_41EC_9917BB305F72.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Hippocampal neuron</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> Image obtained from a confocal microscope showing a hippocampal neuron from an animal model (in red) on top of a layer of glial cells (in green). The cell nuclei appear in blue. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3EFB3EE0_A1E7_ACB9_41D7_0D014238F046.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How are discoveries translated into clinical practice?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">By </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>imaging techniques</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_03511B54_4965_A002_4191_F98D8ACB855F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How do electrons circulate in Sirius?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The band of electrons that circulate in the main Sirius particle accelerator is divided into 864 packets, each with approximately four billion (4,000,000,000) electrons.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The size of these packets of electrons varies according to how they propagate in the accelerator. When they pass though one of the regions where synchrotron light is produced, each packet is 9 micrometers across and 3 micrometers tall. A micrometer is a thousandth of a millimeter; this means that the packets of electrons are up to 50 times finer than a human hair.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3EF88EEB_A1E7_AC8F_41C4_011173BAE2C5.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How do we study mouth cancer?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">By assessing the initiation and progression that occur when normal cells are modified by risk factors.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3EFB7EE7_A1E7_AC87_41CA_5FCEB9E25C30.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How do we study mouth cancer?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">We use </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>mass-spectrometry-based proteomics</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Proteomics encompasses the analysis of proteins and peptides in order to identify and quantify proteins, as well as to determine their post-translational modifications, location, structure, interactions, activity, and function using mass spectrometry.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_028F0F96_4967_A001_4188_1F0BBAFA1B82.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How fast do the electrons in Sirius move?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In the particle accelerators that comprise Sirius, electrons are accelerated and kept circulating at extremely high speeds. These electrons travel at 99.9999985% of the speed of light, approximately 300,000 kilometers per second.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">At this speed, a trip from the surface of Earth to the Moon (about 400,000 kilometers) would take just over a second. But in Sirius's main electron accelerator, which has a circumference of 518 meters, the electrons make almost 600,000 trips around each second. In a race between one of these electrons and a photon (light particle) from Earth to the Moon, light would win by only 20 billionths of a second.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0426C115_4965_A002_41CD_8F9F90B67AE6.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How many electrons circulate in Sirius?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">When it is fully operational, the main particle accelerator in Sirius maintains a beam of four trillion (4,000,000,000,000) electrons in stable orbits.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This beam forms an electrical current of just 350 mA (milliamperes), only slightly more than the electrical current used by a cell phone charger. But the electrical current in a wire propagates at a speed of a tenth of a millimeter per second, while the electrons in the particle accelerators at Sirius travel in a vacuum very close to the speed of light, nearly 300,000 kilometers per second.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_322E4778_EBAA_9D36_41DA_E76D04DC11F1.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How to translate the discovery into clinical practice?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Through </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>imaging techniques</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_322C9776_EBAA_9D3A_41DD_7A6D2CDA062C.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How we study oral cancer</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Evaluating the initiation and progression that occur when normal cells are modified by risk factors.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA474F9B_A498_F52D_41D2_0FF4C7AD7185.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ilheus virus (ILHV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Ilheus virus is transmitted by mosquitoes in eight different genera, including Aedes, Culex, and Haemagogus. Infection is characterized by high fever accompanied by headache, chills, muscle and joint pain, and muscle weakness.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The virus was first identified in 1944 in the city of Ilhéus, Bahia. Today it circulates in countries in Central and South America.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is no specific medication for infection itself, but the symptoms can be controlled. Mosquito breeding sites can be eliminated to prevent the disease. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_7B6AD23B_3BA8_12DD_41B4_3C4E9163D6B7.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Image legends</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Glossary </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Confocal:</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> captures only material positioned on the focal point of the approaching lens </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Hippocampal:</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> related to the hippocampus, a structure located in each lobe of the cerebral cortex in the brain </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Glia: </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Nervous system cells</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Actin:</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> A component of the cellular cytoskeleton  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_5537255C_7715_FEED_41D6_8D46163A3492.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Imbuia </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Investigations of morphology and chemical composition are essential to understand the physiology of biological systems at various levels, and conducting these studies in systems resembling biological fluids can provide information that represents how these systems function in their natural environments. Analysis of an isolated blood cell, for example, ideally utilize a liquid that reproduces its natural environment (blood), and the results (even from a research environment) are representative for the clinic or for the pharmaceutical industry.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Imbuia beamline</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is dedicated to experiments using infrared light, which makes it possible to identify functional groups of molecules and analyze the composition of nearly any material, with nanometric resolution. This feature allows cutting-edge research on new synthetic materials as well as understanding of natural materials like biological samples.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Imbuia is the common name for Ocotea porosa, a tree species that is emblematic of the Araucaria forests in southern Brazil. Although it was abundant in the past, the imbuia is now endangered due to predatory logging.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C9522C51_9F2E_B39B_419A_EB8FF3C973E7.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>In 2020, CNPEM researchers revealed the 3D structure of the Mayaro virus in groundbreaking*</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Arboviruses are viruses transmitted by mosquitoes and other arthropods. Some examples are the Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses. Arboviruses are for the most part neglected diseases, which means that the problem results from lack of knowledge and public policies for control and monitoring and the unpredictable nature of the resulting outbreaks and epidemics. Notably, there are no treatments or vaccines against most of the neglected arboviruses. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>For this reason, researchers at LNBio are dedicated to expanding knowledge about emerging arboviruses in order to develop treatments.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>* The resulting article was published in Nature Communications in 2021:“Cryo-EM structure of the mature and infective Mayaro virus at 4.4 Å resolution reveals features of arthritogenic alphaviruses.”</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_42A5131F_772C_7A6B_41CD_42747FBE6E6A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>In situ growth laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This laboratory offers users advanced tools for materials to grow as fine films. The materials are formed by depositing one or more layers of atoms on a substrate in order to understand, modify, and control their optical, chemical, electronic, and other properties. These materials can be used in various electronic devices, hard disk media, and batteries, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Here fine films are produced with thickness control at the atomic level, and in a highly pure form without contamination by other materials, ranging from a single layer of atoms to thousands of layers. The support lab also makes it possible to transport these fine films to some beamlines in an ultra-high vacuum environment, which is essential to study the surface of these samples.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AEADA009_9A57_6B56_41B3_FCFE8E6471E1.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Infectious Diseases</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>“Clorose variegada dos citros”</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> ou “Amarelinho” é uma doença causada pela bactéria Xylella fastidiosa. No Brasil, essa bactéria causa prejuízos à produção do suco concentrado de laranja, largamente exportado. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Um estudo realizado no LNBio mostrou que para crescer no interior da planta, a Xylella oxida o gás sulfídrico, composto que compete pelo oxigênio durante a respiração, produzindo sulfito e secretando-o nos tecidos vasculares.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C9530C56_9F2E_B399_41DA_E1962018753F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Infectious Diseases</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">LNBio is a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>reference in the area of structural biology</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, and brings together highly qualified groups to study infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Research on protozoa like </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Trypanosoma cruzi </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">(which transmits Chagas disease), bacteria (Gram-negative, for example), and arboviruses (like the Mayaro virus) yields data that help advance the search for medications and cures for diseases that affect a large portion of the Brazilian population.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_30828D49_7714_CED7_41C8_0ED06B97E581.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Infrastructure and data processing</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">So that human intelligence and creativity can be exerted to its greatest extent in scientific investigation, the large volumes of data obtained from the beamlines must be handled in a fast, flexible, and user-friendly manner. At Sirius, users have access to cutting-edge infrastructure to transfer, store, and process these data called TEPUI (Throughput Enhanced Processing Unit).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">TEPUI is comprised of supercomputers named after important women like Enedina Alves Marques, Tarsila do Amaral, and Rosalind Franklin. These computers contain hundreds of CPUs and thousands of GB of RAM. Also notable are their A100 video cards, the most powerful available at this time, with 40 GB of memory per card. They are used to execute the algorithms that require high parallel processing power, and can process the most complex data in a matter of seconds.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The system has 2,000 TB of data storage capacity, while data transfer can occur at 400,000 megabits per second, over a thousand times the storage capacity of personal computers and domestic internet speeds.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FE99754_E995_7D7E_41EA_0914E6352BA9.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Intestine</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Confocal microscope image showing a section of intestine from an animal model. In red we can see the highly fluorescent actin cytoskeleton, especially in the region facing into the organ due to the large concentrations of actin in the microvilli. In green we can see cell bodies and nerve endings of the enteric nervous system, and the cell nuclei in blue. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6383A8EF_772C_D7AC_41C5_80F8CDED35F8.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ipê</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">When atoms join together to form solid and liquid materials, the interaction between their electrons can cause properties that are very different from the individual characteristics of each comprising element, defining how these materials transport heat, electricity, magnetism, sound, light, etc. Precisely understanding these interactions assists in the development of new technologies for information storage and transport and for electronics with high energy efficiency, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ipê beamline</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> will be dedicated to studying the distribution of electrons in atoms and molecules present in liquid, solid, and gas interfaces, and how this affects the properties of materials. Ipê will make it possible to explore how chemical bonds occur at the interfaces of materials like catalysts, electrochemical cells, and materials subject to corrosion, as well as how electrical currents propagate in different materials from insulation to superconductors.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Ipê is the common name for a variety of tree species in the genus Handroanthus. Along with Brazilwood, it is one of the trees emblematic of Brazil. In the Tupi language, ipê means "tree with thick bark."</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA587FA2_A498_F51F_41D2_D57CCA597714.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Japanese encephalitis is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Culex. Most cases are asymptomatic, or involve mild symptoms such as fever and headache, but some patients may develop more severe cases of the disease, with high fever, stiff neck, disorientation, coma, convulsions, and spastic paralysis, leading to death or neurological aftereffects. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The first case was reported in 1871 in Japan. Today the virus is endemic in Asian countries.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A vaccine is available for this disease, but treating the infection focuses on relieving the symptoms, since there are no antivirals available.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C30B7B11_A488_FD3D_41D1_3E3C4CE3C4A3.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LC3D 3D culture laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The 3D culture models can also be used in microphysiological systems (also known as "organs on a chip") to simulate situations that are more physiologically similar to organisms. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C30AFB10_A488_FD3B_41C6_4C43D8325F42.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LC3D 3D culture laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The laboratory develops production protocols and is also a central lab for RENAMA (the Brazilian National Network on Alternative Methods), which works to develop methodologies that offer alternatives to the use of animals, as well as to train staff to use these technologies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C3093B14_A488_FD3B_41B7_00A0EB7BD2AC.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LC3D 3D culture laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The main objective of the 3D culture laboratory is to construct three-dimensional cell models of different types of tissue such as skin, liver, and intestine for use in various applications.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C308AB13_A488_FD3D_41D6_4A346CB6C418.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LC3D 3D culture laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">These methodologies have been used to study pharmaceuticals as well as to assess toxicity, which involves systems closer to those in humans, avoiding excessive and unnecessary use of animals for experimentation. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C30A0B0E_A488_FD27_41CE_DFBFAF8F44A5.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LC3D 3D culture laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This is the starting point for our challenge, following a system for development and analysis.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_89C04A12_9F2E_9799_41D1_32C2050D13CE.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LEC – The Spectrometry and Calorimetry Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This laboratory is equipped with nine devices for protein quality measurements and characterization, as well as measurements of the interactions between various biomolecules. For protein characterization, the team can measure the quantification, aggregation, structural stability of secondary and tertiary structures, oligomerization, sample homogeneity, knotting, and precipitation of samples. To evaluate aggregation, the team can measure enzymatic activity, the kinetics of reaction, interactions, and connections between macromolecules, as well as thermodynamic analyses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C9525C53_9F2E_B39F_4153_0D334719C810.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LNBio researchers have disease-causing bacteria in their sights.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In recent decades, the world has seen a dramatic increase in bacteria that are harmful to humans and resistant to one or more antibiotics. In response to alarming levels of antibiotic-resistant infections, the World Health Organization published a list of priority pathogens that urgently need new antibiotics.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Finding innovative strategies to stop antibiotic resistance presents a major global challenge for the life science community and a concern for public health. CNPEM researchers investigating the structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by analyzing a specific enzyme present in both uncovered the molecular mechanism that makes Gram-negative bacteria so resistant to some antibiotics. These results may permit modifications to molecules that could be useful in fighting these microorganisms that are so difficult to defeat.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AE44704D_9A55_6BEE_41CA_33A013C7C808.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LNBio researchers have disease-causing bacteria in their sights.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In recent decades, the world has seen a dramatic increase in bacteria that are harmful to humans and resistant to one or more antibiotics. In response to alarming levels of antibiotic-resistant infections, the World Health Organization published a list of priority pathogens that urgently need new antibiotics.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Finding innovative strategies to stop antibiotic resistance presents a major global challenge for the life science community and a concern for public health. CNPEM researchers investigating the structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by analyzing a specific enzyme present in both uncovered the molecular mechanism that makes Gram-negative bacteria so resistant to some antibiotics. These results may permit modifications to molecules that could be useful in fighting these microorganisms that are so difficult to defeat.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_89CE2A1C_9F2E_9789_41A4_860A8AA558CB.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LNBio's open facilities</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">LNBio currently runs four laboratories or open facilities that serve users from academia and industry. These facilities provide the scientific and industrial communities cutting edge infrastructure and tools that permit complex experiments and multidisciplinary research in many areas of life science, including structural biology, proteomics, metabolomics, drug prospecting, and bioimaging. The open laboratories also provide support for technological discoveries, adding quality and competitiveness to the science produced in Brazil. Proposals are received throughout each year via the LNBio site and the CNPEM's social media channels to utilize the facilities on certain dates.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AE8861F5_5D9C_0AE1_41C3_1CD78AFEE1A4.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Laboratory for Mechanical Metrology, Modeling, and Design </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In the Laboratory for Mechanical Metrology, Modeling, and Design, services are carried out and equipment and products are developed with a focus on mechanics and metrology, from project planning to fabrication and quality assurance, using in-house infrastructure or outside suppliers.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_1663C5A5_50C9_2E3F_41D2_3B4203941584.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Macromolecule Characterization</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To better understand enzymes, we need to study their form (structure) as well as their function (enzymatic reaction). This room contains the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Macromolecule Characterization</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> Facility that helps us in these tasks. We use a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>dynamic light</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>scattering technique</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to obtain the size (radius) of the enzymes as well as to discover if they are pure and uncontaminated. Another technique called </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>fluorimetry</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> allows us to determine how some factors (like pH, temperature, and additives) affect the structure of the enzyme. Meanwhile, </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>circular dichroism</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is used to determine how resistant the enzyme structure is. Using </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>spectrophotometry</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, we can measure the speed of the reactions catalyzed by the enzymes under different conditions, such as pH, temperature, and the presence of ions. This allows us to determine which compounds the enzymes can break, and under what conditions the enzymes reach their maximum velocity. Finally, we utilize </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>capillary electrophoresis</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to study how carbohydrates are broken apart by enzymes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6267F73E_772F_DAAD_41A9_E9E88DFF933B.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Manacá</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">When a molecule is identified as a therapeutic target, investigation of its three-dimensional structure (in other words, the position of each atom comprising it) makes it possible to understand how it works in the body and how it interacts with pharmaceutical candidates. This can help make the search for new medications more efficient.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Manacá beamline</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> uses a technique called macromolecule crystallography to study the structure of enzymes and proteins from humans and pathogens with micrometric and submicrometric resolution, and can guide development of new potential pharmaceuticals or help understand how known pharmaceuticals work in order to boost their effectiveness. Information about protein structure is important not only for healthcare, but also to develop biofuels, agricultural defenses, foodstuffs, and cosmetics.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Manacá-de-cheiro (Brunfelsia uniflora) is a tree in the Solanaceae family found in Brazil's Atlantic Forest biome. It is always surrounded by a butterfly known as the themisto amberwing (Methona themisto), whose larvae feed exclusively on the leaves of this plant.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_89C0DA15_9F2E_979B_41D9_A049D71669FB.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mass Spectrometry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this laboratory users receive technical support in operating the mass spectrometers and analyzing the data, as well as training in the area of mass spectrometry/proteomics. Three mass spectrometers coupled with liquid chromatography systems routinely analyze large scale complex proteomes in order to discover biomarker candidates and drug targets, identify binding partners and post translational modifications, and analyze cross-linked complexes to map protein interaction, along with quantitative proteomic approaches. The research focuses on developing mass spectrometry based proteomics in complex biological systems in order to expand biological understanding at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA462FA4_A498_F51B_41A1_BA2DF478718E.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mayaro virus (MAYV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Mayaro is a mosquito-borne virus that causes acute fever and arthritis that can persist for months.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. It has been circulating in Brazil since 1955. It was initially reported only in the Amazon region, but as deforestation has advanced it has expanded to other regions of the coun-try, and today cases are being identified in the center-west and southeast. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment? </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is no specific antiviral treatment for this disease, only general treatments to relieve the symptoms. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AEB7F5E1_5D9C_0AE0_41CF_64FBA2CA7FD5.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mechanical and Optical Metrology Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Metrology Laboratory contains equipment to characterize precision instrumentation components for Sirius, and also for the measurements needed during installation and maintenance of the new light source's research stations.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Considering that the ultra-stability of its optical and optical/mechanical components requires nano-scale precision, environments are necessary where vibration, temperature, humidity, and particulates are controlled. The temperature in the overall assembly area is stable with a variation of only ±0.5°C, and varies only ±0.1°C within the Mechanical and Optical Metrology Laboratory itself.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3588190A_5049_27F5_41BD_1E6D1CD3818E.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Metabolomics analysis</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this room are the gas and liquid chromatography equipment coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS and LC/MS). They make it possible to identify and quantify small molecules on a large scale, such as sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids, which can be substrates, intermediate compounds, and products of the metabolism of a microorganism, called metabolites. This analysis, known as Metabolomics, directly reflects the biochemical activity of a microorganism at a given moment, and under defined conditions. In the research area dedicated to biotechnology for agriculture, for example, metabolomics is used to analyze volatile organic compounds emitted by microorganisms that can promote plant growth and even inhibit phytopathogens. Thus, one of the major research challenges in this area is to identify and quantify which metabolites are beneficial to agricultural crops, in order to further investigate their mechanisms of action and metabolic routes. Through this knowledge it is possible to create a solid basis for the development of new bioinoculants and promote a more sustainable agriculture.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2F2F2F87_9584_CFC6_41DB_106DD29BCE5A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Micro and nanofabrication</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Micro and Nanofabrication Division of LNNano offers an open multi-user infrastructure for research and development on devices for a wide variety of applications, and was created to support the scientific and industrial communities. The process includes cleaning and corrosion stages, photo - and nanolithography, direct writing, depositing fine films, 3D printing, and a complete platform for fabricating microfluidic devices.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">All the facilities can be accessed by reservation, and have a team that is highly trained in the techniques available to offer support and guidance throughout all steps of the processes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This division also has an equipment development park dedicated to electrical and topological characterization, as well as equipment for preparing samples.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5FFBA0FB_958D_B14D_41E2_4E29C24B3FDD.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Microfluidic sensor to detect breast cancer</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This portable method is based on a new microdevice, and smartphone could make it cheaper and faster to diagnose breast cancer. A study at CNPEM with support from UFSCar and the Barretos Cancer Hospital developed a portable testing kit that is portable, easy and affordable to use, and can provide results with the same confidence as expensive, large, high-tech equipment.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The microdevice is a sensor that uses microfluidic (fluids in tiny channels measuring 10–6 micrometers) and electrochemical (interaction between the sample and an electrode in the presence of electricity) elements to determine concentrations of the CA 15-3 protein, a known biomarker for breast cancer. In other words, the presence of this type of cancer causes a significant increase in the quantity of CA 15-3 in the blood; this quantity increases as the disease advances. In this way, analyzing CA 15-3 concentrations makes it possible not only to diagnose the presence or absence of breast cancer, but also can determine its stage of evolution.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Additionally, the microdevice does not require its own space or sophisticated machinery, which allows it to be produced on a large scale. All these characteristics make this new method a candidate for routine use in hospitals and healthcare networks.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA9155BF_5B8C_0B61_41D6_13CEC84E4FEC.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mirrors and lenses</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This equipment geometrically shapes the synchrotron light for the conditions required in the experiment, for example, focusing or unfocusing the beam.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_964CC1E2_A488_0D1F_41E4_74A34A478FC6.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Model organisms laboratory (lom)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">At lom/LNBio, we use genome editing technologies to study the molecular mechanisms of human diseases or to validate new molecules in animal models. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">We utilize </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>classic transgenic approaches</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> as well as modern </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CRISPR/Cas9 </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">gene editing technology.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_63CFE803_772C_365B_41DA_0658F2420CD9.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mogno </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Brazil is a pioneer in deep-water petroleum exploration. But a large amount of this fuel is stored in the porous spaces in carbonate rocks, particularly in the pre-salt layer. These rocks are very heterogeneous and have complex pore systems that require further study to make oil and gas exploration more efficient.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mogno beamline</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is dedicated to obtaining three-dimensional tomographic images with micrometric and nanometric resolution. The internal structures of various materials can be studied noninvasively at different spatial scales that vary from hundreds of nanometers to dozens of micrometers. In this way, besides the passage of fluids through the pores in rocks in the pre-salt layer, the Mogno beamline also allows study of other materials like soils, fossils, products from chemical reactions, and biological samples.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Mogno is the Portuguese word for mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), which is native to the Amazon region. The tree produces reddish-brown wood that is highly valued, and for this reason only remains in regions that are difficult to access and protected areas.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_37563999_5079_6617_418B_97048CDFE6C5.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Molecular biology techniques</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Using molecular biology techniques, scientists from LNBR/CNPEM access microbial DNA and RNA and thus identify different species of microorganisms, and their functions in the environment. DNA or RNA is initially extracted from cells, whether from a single isolated microorganism or microbial communities directly from environmental samples, such as soil. In the study of specific genes, DNA integrity is assessed using the electrophoresis technique, where an electric current moves DNA molecules to separate them by size in an agarose gel. Then, gene regions are amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a thermocycler,  analyzed in a sequencer. Once with the DNA sequence,  it is possible, for example, to precisely identify the species of the isolated microorganism. These steps are  fundamental techniques of molecular biology, essential for studying microorganisms and microbial communities. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Other techniques, such as metagenomics (study of genomes), and metatranscriptomics (study of gene expression through RNA), are widely used to study genetic material, recovered directly from the environment.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFB8BE1A_5BF4_1923_41CE_EBBA50B1A605.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Monochromator</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This device filters the synchrotron light and lets only the frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum that will be used in the experiment pass. The monochromator is similar to a prism that breaks visible light into different colors.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E9634DFE_9784_5347_41CB_859EA8DBA706.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Monoclonal Antibody Production</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Antibodies</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> are proteins in the blood produced by B lymphocytes that selectively bind to specific targets and mediate immune responses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">An </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>antibody </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">can be divided into two regions: a variable portion called Fab (fragment antigen-binding) that binds to a specific target, and another portion called Fc (fragment crystallizable) that is related to the response to the organism or infectious agent.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E9655DFD_9784_5345_41DE_99210B9849A1.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Monoclonal Antibody Production</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Besides playing an important role in immunity against disease-causing agents, antibodies can also be used in other clinical applications such as cancer therapies. They</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">can be used to create antibodies that directly recognize and eliminate tumor cells, or even antibodies that block immunosuppressive signals that protect tumor cells from the body's immune system.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E9653DFB_9784_534D_41A3_086B7D5F8891.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Monoclonal Antibody Production</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The process involves five steps:</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>1. Protein analysis</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The structure of the antibody is analyzed to confirm its amino acid and DNA sequences.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>2. Manipulation in the lab</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The antibody's coding sequences are cloned in an expression vector.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>3. Clone screening and insertion into vectors</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The vectors are inserted into cells which are selected, expanded, and characterized to establish antibody-producing lineages.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_E962BDFA_9784_534F_41DD_39735F32B117.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Monoclonal Antibody Production</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The process involves five steps:</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>4. Antibody collection and protein purification</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">After collection, the antibody preparations are purified in chromatography columns.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>5. Antibody characterization</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sequencing assays are conducted to determine primary structure, and biophysical assays to measure affinity and determine secondary structure, aggregate formation, etc.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Completed antibodies</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The cell lineages that were created and characterized in the lab can be used by industry to establish master cell banks</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">dedicated to producing antibodies for therapeutic uses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E962CDFC_9784_534B_419A_CF8D32605FA4.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Monoclonal Antibody Production</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Therapeutic antibodies can be produced from hybridomas created by fusing lymphocytes with tumor cells, or even from genetically modified cell lines. These antibodies produced from well-defined and characterized clonal lineages are known as </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>monoclonal antibodies</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, which only recognize a single epitope, the defined target they were selected for. At the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM's Biosciences National Laboratory</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, we are developing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (biosimilars) for cancer treatment in genetically modified cell</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">cultures.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C30A7B0D_A488_FD25_41E2_93442132E828.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Morphological description</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Morphological description of 3D cultures can be done using optical and confocal microscopy and light synchrotron microtomography, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Next, evaluation of the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>molecular signature</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> compares organoids and spheroids from 2D cell cultures with cells from living organisms.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_3EF8DEEF_A1E7_AC87_41A1_42115284A60A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mouth cancer</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth is a cancer that originates in the epithelial cells of the mouth and can affect various areas within the oral cavity.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_89C10A0E_9F2E_9789_41E3_521D6754564C.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>NMR – Nuclear Magnetic Resonance</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This multiuser facility at LNBio focuses on assessing various diseases, correlating structure and protein activity and their interactions with small molecules (pharmaceuticals and drugs) or macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and carbohydrates), revealing modifications in metabolic profiles and potential alterations in metabolic pathways and determining the structural configurations of small molecules resulting from natural or synthetic processes. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AE864BCE_5D9C_3F23_41C1_640AD27741DA.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Nanodevice for detecting dopamine</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A transistor platform developed at LNNano was found to be extremely sensitive to dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Organic transistors to detect substances in liquids have been consistently explored by scientists. Organic transistors are electronic devices made up of three electrical contacts, two of which are covered with an organic film.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this platform, the team used a nanometric organic film positioned on one part of the transistor to indicate the presence of dopamine in a liquid medium. The transistors made at CNPEM function in an innovative manner that is based on accumulating charge on the surface of the organic film (directly in contact with the liquid medium) as well as ion penetration into the few nanometers of the organic film's thickness. This process, known as electrochemical doping, has become established over the past decade as one of the main routes for refining the electronic properties of organic devices that operate in liquid mediums.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Besides looking for applications for sensing devices, the development of these transistors involved essential research focused on miniaturization, better performance, and price reduction resulting from large-scale fabrication. To do so, the devices were processed entirely within the nanofabrication facilities at LNNano.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This work was featured on the cover of Advanced Materials, a leading international scientific journal.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_A6445513_9484_F0DD_41DC_8B79D709A559.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Nanotechnology</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>National Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>(LNNano)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The research programs at the Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) center around meeting the needs of society in the areas of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>energy, health, and the environment.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> makes it a fundamental tool for </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>technological innovation</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> focusing on these key areas for development.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0D999DD2_A13D_AC99_41E1_2F28EF899B9E.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Natural products</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:16px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">By definition, </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>natural products (NPs) </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">are molecules produced by plants, fungi, microorganisms, or even animals. The wood processing industry (pulp and paper production), for example, offers various raw materials. NPs also are an important source for pharmaceutical development, since approximately 60% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from or at least inspired by natural products.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The synthetic molecules used by chemists instead of natural ones as starting molecules in chemical synthesis processes come from petrochemicals, in other words, from processing petroleum as a raw material.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FE89750_E995_7D76_41C1_FCEE006DA195.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Neuroenteroendocrine cell</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Confocal microscope image showing a rat neuroenteroendocrine cell with the actin cytoskeleton in green, and the nucleus (blue), which contains spots marked in yellow. These small spots are α-synuclein protein aggregates, which are responsible for most genetic and sporadically appearing cases of Parkinson's disease. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2F1C511C_A13D_9589_41D5_8041DE68A70C.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Next steps in discovering new drugs</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The hit molecules rarely exhibit the potency or properties desired for a new drug. For this reason, they need to be improved via chemical modification in a process called Hit2Lead. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Hit2Lead stage involves planning and synthesizing molecules, followed by testing in biological assays. The molecule improvement cycles are repeated until a molecule with the desired potency and pharmaceutical properties is obtained; this molecule is called a lead.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">When its efficacy and safety is proven in animal models, the lead then becomes a “candidate”, which is a prototype for a new pharmaceutical.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_39348AAA_489F_E001_412E_D3D0C0E932E0.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ondulator</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Synchrotron light is produced when the electrons that circulate in the accelerator have their trajectory curved by electromagnetic forces. There are some ways to "force" the electron beam to change direction, and in Sirius the components that do this are dipole magnets and ondulators. This image illustrates the function of an ondulator, the main way synchrotron light is obtained within Sirius.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">While dipole magnets cause a single curve in the trajectory of the electrons, ondulators cause oscillations, or multiple curves in the trajectory of the electron beam. These oscillations are generated when the electrons pass by a series of alternating magnetic poles. Each of these oscillations causes emission of synchrotron light, and consequently the intensity of light produced by the ondulators is much greater than that produced by the dipole magnets.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_322C0775_EBAA_9D3E_41B1_B5C328C53AAA.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Oral cancer proteomics</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the mouth is a cancer that originates in the epithelial cells of the mouth and can reach different areas of the oral cavity.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_322C9774_EBAA_9D3E_41C9_DBD3389103C2.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Oral cancer proteomics</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The oral cancer proteomics group aims to identify and quantify proteins to understand the relationship between protein abundance and the onset and progression of oral tumors.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of malignant head and neck tumor. The disease has about 300,000 new cases diagnosed per year worldwide and the survival rate is very low.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The search for initiation and progression markers as well as therapeutic targets is challenging, since responses to conventional treatments are not effective for all patients, resulting in treatments that are often mutilating and high rates of recurrence.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3223F775_EBAA_9D3E_41CD_42707CAD40C9.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Oral cancer proteomics</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">We studied oral cancer mainly using the technique of proteomics based on mass spectrometry.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There are efforts for the knowledge generated by the proteomics technique to be translated into clinical practice through the quantification of diagnostic and prognostic markers by directed proteomics, assays based on antibodies and biosensors, as well as by modulation of target proteins involved in the initiation and/or tumor progression.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The identification of molecular signatures is essential for oncologists to be able to overcome the limitations of clinical exams and have safe parameters to establish more personalized and efficient treatment strategies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Finally, the studies aim to increase the time and quality of life of patients.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_45B7990F_A488_1D24_41E1_F1D2AFE92F62.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Oropouche Orthobunyavirus (OROV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Oropouche Orthobunyavirus is transmitted by Culicoides paraenses mosquitoes. Infection is characterized by swift onset of symptoms, generally fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, chills, and sometimes nausea. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Oropouche virus was first isolated in 1955 in Trinidad and Tobago, in the Caribbean. Since that time, this virus has become a threat to public health in tropical and subtropical areas of Central and South America. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is no specific treatment for this disease.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_19B27FA8_5B5C_9942_41AC_F7B7235BD92A.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Partnerships for a sustainable world!</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In order for the biotechnologies applied at LNBR/CNPEM to transform into products that are part of everyone's daily lives, partnerships must be made with the companies that will product them, generating jobs and wealth for Brazil. Sustainable economic development requires us to face scientific and technological challenges, and combining our efforts can help us accelerate this process of transformation.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Besides scientific, technical, and administrative training, CNPEM is accredited by the EMBRAPII Biotechnology Unit and has access to EMBRAPII's funding to stimulate innovation projects.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3E6FCD73_017A_0730_4161_82CEA7670E88.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Plant Cultivation</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In order to develop beneficial microorganisms that can be used as biofertilizers and agricultural biodefensives, we need an infrastructure for plant cultivation and selection of microorganisms. Watch the video and understand how the growth of plants associated with certain bacteria is beneficial for the development of biomass and get to know our plant cultivation room. Thus, we can demystify the idea that all microorganisms are harmful, because in fact, for biotechnology, many of them are valuable allies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFBBAE0F_5BF4_1921_41D6_7E43099E74FF.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Por qual técnica estudamos o câncer de boca?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Por </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>proteômica baseada em espectrometria de massas</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Proteômica compreende a análise de proteínas e peptídeos visando a identificação e quantificação de proteínas, como também a determinação de modificações pós-traducionais, localização, estrutura, interação, atividade e função das mesmas por meio da espectrometria de massas. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA9275B5_5B8C_0B61_41A6_E4D1EBB7C5CA.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Por qual técnica estudamos o câncer de boca?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Por </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>proteômica baseada em espectrometria de massas</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Proteômica compreende a análise de proteínas e peptídeos visando a identificação e quantificação de proteínas, como também a determinação de modificações pós-traducionais, localização, estrutura, interação, atividade e função das mesmas por meio da espectrometria de massas. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_67A30FF2_5AC3_98C7_41CC_A1E710B0F10B.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Pre-treatment module </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>pre-treatment</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> module makes it possible to study the breakdown of biomass in different equipment and under different process conditions. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>continuous pre-treatment and batch pre-treatment reactors</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> can be likened to a pressure cooker. Inside them, the biomass transforms physically and chemically due to the temperature and the chemical products that are added (such as water, acids, and bases). The biomass used is generally agricultural waste that is transformed into raw material to produce various molecules of economic interest (for fuels, resin, building blocks). The pre-treatment reactors allow different operating configurations (hydrothermic, diluted acid, alkaline, organic solvents) that can be selected according to how the final material will be used.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2F1BC11D_A13D_958B_41E0_55D611EF883E.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Process of discovering new drugs</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The platform works in a modular process that begins with biological assays that can predict clinical efficacy and extends to prototypes of new molecules for pharmaceutical applications. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Hit molecules are compounds that have a specific effect on a target, for example inhibiting or activating a certain enzyme, inhibiting growth in certain types of cells (cancer, parasite, bacteria) or virus replication. They are found after target compound screening campaigns that are applied to large-scale chemical libraries.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_65DDE3BF_5B43_88BD_41CD_540678FF1795.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Product Recovery and Purification I module</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Product Recovery and Purification I</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>module</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> has the infrastructure required for the processes of separating, concentrating, and purifying biotechnological products, including </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>disc centrifuges</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> with </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>nozzles and intermittent discharge</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> and a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>closed bowl with automatic discharge</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. Disc centrifuges are used to separate yeast and precipitated material, clarifying the mash and separating out immiscible material. The module also has a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>tubular centrifuge</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, which reaches high rotation speeds and is used to separate microorganisms, cell fragments, precipitated materials, clarify the mash, and recover particles. The high pressure </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>homogenizer</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is used to break apart the cells and obtain the products found within. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Microfiltration and ultrafiltration</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> provide a tangential filtration system used to separate microorganisms and for concentration, diafiltration, and purification of proteins.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_62A9054D_5AC3_89DD_41B6_62EF07E994EE.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Product Recovery and Purification Module II</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Product Recovery and Purification Module II</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> has a scraped-surface evaporator and a basket centrifuge. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>evaporator</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is a thermic separation device that uses the different volatilities of the components of a mixture; one component is shifted from its liquid state to its gaseous state and separated into two fractions (liquid and gas). The evaporator is used to concentrate sugar-rich liquor, for example, which is obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of vegetative biomass. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>basket centrifuge</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> has a filter element that retains particles that are larger than the pores of its filters (the basket) while smaller particles pass through. The basket centrifuge is used to separate and wash biomass after the pre-treatment step, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_19F54D29_5B43_9945_4199_CEBBB1C8DB89.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Products for society</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In order for technological solutions developed in a research center to reach society, they must be transferred to companies that will be responsible for production and sales. This concept is called technology transfer. LNBR/CNPEM partners with companies to transform ideas into products that are part of everyone's daily lives, like drinks, foods, biofuels, plastics, animal feed, detergents, and cosmetics. CNPEM also has an innovation area that deals with the resulting intellectual property issues.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:19px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:19px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><I>* Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions (patents), literary and artistic works (copyright), symbols and names (trademarks), and [intellectual property rights] are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds (WIPO, 2016).</I></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FEB7753_E995_7D7A_41D9_9C894FE605B6.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Proliferative region of a cerebral organoid</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Magnified image of a proliferative region in a cerebral organoid derived from human iPSCs. The cells shown in green are organized into a structure known as a rosette and exhibit significant proliferation. All the cell nuclei are shown in blue. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_89CF1A18_9F2E_9789_41CF_09B8632691D5.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Protein Crystallization</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The ROBOLAB is the best equipped high performance laboratory for crystallization of macromolecules and their complexes that is open to Latin America's scientific community. Its mission is to provide state of the art technologies and equipment for crystallizing macromolecules, increasing the chances of successfully obtaining crystals. The laboratory covers all the steps involved in protein crystallization, including (i) preparation of the crystallization solutions, (ii) setup of sitting drop vapor diffusion experiments, and (iii) automatic image capture with remote access and data storage that uses an UV system to detect only protein crystals.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_01E98B2F_A488_7D65_41D8_064E14BDC108.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Protein Crystals Gallery</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Protein crystallization is a process that requires specific conditions that favour the orderly arrangement of molecules. When submitting crystals to X-ray diffraction, they generate information about the three-dimensions structure of the protein, identifying the exact position of each of its atoms and their interactions. With the atomic structure, it is possible to understand the biological function of proteins in the body, study their interaction with potential drugs and other molecules, also to favour the design of small chemical compounds that model their activities. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Different types of proteins require diverse processes to obtain crystals, and the larger they are, the easier they are to be visualized.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Smaller crystals are difficult to analyze with small-ray, low-resolution X-ray streams. Sirius has potent light fluxes with small rays, overcoming the challenge of obtaining good-resolution images, even with the tiniest crystallized structures. This resolution is of paramount importance in detecting crystal misalignments, indicative of specific reactions and mutations that can be the answers to many questions about diseases, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA93B5B1_5B8C_0B61_41D2_584A319DF84F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Proteômica do Câncer de Boca</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) de boca é um câncer que se origina nas células epiteliais da boca e pode atingir diversas áreas da cavidade oral.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFBB1E07_5BF4_1921_41B5_3B382EEF4484.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Proteômica do Câncer de Boca</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) de boca é um câncer que se origina nas células epiteliais da boca e pode atingir diversas áreas da cavidade oral.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA9325AE_5B8C_0B63_41D1_1F367FAA7976.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Proteômica do câncer de boca</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Estudamos o câncer de boca utilizando principalmente a técnica de proteômica baseada em espectrometria de massas.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Há esforços para que o conhecimento gerado pela técnica de proteômica seja traduzido para a prática clínica por meio da quantificação de marcadores de diagnóstico e prognóstico por proteômica dirigida, ensaios baseados em anticorpos e biossensores, como também, por modulação de proteínas-alvos envolvidas na iniciação e/ou progressão do tumor.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A identificação de assinaturas moleculares é fundamental para que oncologistas consigam superar as limitações dos exames clínicos e tenham parâmetros seguros para estabelecer estratégias de tratamento mais personalizadas e eficientes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Finalmente, os estudos visam aumentar do tempo e da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFB83E04_5BF4_1927_41D0_AF5C9CB80FA0.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Proteômica do câncer de boca</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Estudamos o câncer de boca utilizando principalmente a técnica de proteômica baseada em espectrometria de massas.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Há esforços para que o conhecimento gerado pela técnica de proteômica seja traduzido para a prática clínica por meio da quantificação de marcadores de diagnóstico e prognóstico por proteômica dirigida, ensaios baseados em anticorpos e biossensores, como também, por modulação de proteínas-alvos envolvidas na iniciação e/ou progressão do tumor.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A identificação de assinaturas moleculares é fundamental para que oncologistas consigam superar as limitações dos exames clínicos e tenham parâmetros seguros para estabelecer estratégias de tratamento mais personalizadas e eficientes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Finalmente, os estudos visam aumentar do tempo e da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_23B0C37B_489F_E006_41B3_E23A4E0294D6.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Radiofrequency cavity</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This equipment is responsible for accelerating the electrons that circulate in the round accelerators. These structures confine electromagnetic fields oscillating in the microwave band, and for this reason are called radiofrequency cavities. When it crosses the cavity at the right moment during the oscillation of the electric field (like a push on a swing at the right moment), the electron beam is accelerated and gains energy.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In the booster, the radiofrequency cavity is responsible for increasing the energy of the electron beam produced in the linear accelerator until it reaches the operating energy level for the storage ring. Meanwhile, in the storage ring the radiofrequency chamber replaces the energy lost by the electron beam during propagation in the accelerator, and mainly results from the emission of synchrotron light.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_19582283_5B5F_8B45_41BD_252B692696A5.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Renewable is not enough: we need sustainable</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Technological assessment is a methodology used to study and evaluate the incorporation of new technologies into society and help develop a more sustainable process, product, or service. This incorporates three types of assessments (technical, economic, and environmental) and is based on data available in the literature and experimental data obtained in the lab or on a pilot scale. The technical assessment consists of modeling the processes and engineering plan, selecting the best equipment and layouts that will catalyze the development and sustainability of the process. Assessment of economic viability is intended to identify potential obstacles and opportunities and support decisions about sustainable investment. Environmental analysis is used to confirm that the final product is really sustainable, and can provide emissions inventories for pollutants and evaluate the environmental impacts caused over the entire life cycle.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_FE1276F4_9785_B15B_41D3_CE19D69F29E3.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Scanning electron microscopy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The open microscopy facilities </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>offer the scientific community access to advanced material characterization techniques</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. The scanning electron microscopes in this suite can conduct analyses at a resolution of up to 0.7 nanometers.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Both devices also provide nano-scale manipulators to prepare cross-sections and ultrafine samples that are used in another type of equipment: transmission electron microscopes. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>The images here illustrate some of the ways of manipulating elements on such a small scale.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_37277D13_9484_50DD_4190_733350E299BC.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sensor to control ethanol quality</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Considering how to control ethanol quality during production and sale, we developed a sensor that assesses the quality of this fuel in a simple, fast, and practical manner.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP) has determined that ethanol must be 94.5% pure by volume to be used directly as fuel. This device created at LNNano can confirm in seconds whether the ethanol in question meets this specification.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">It uses a sensor with two metallic electrodes, one of which is covered with a functional nanometer-thick layer. The electrodes are coupled together facing each other and immersed in the ethanol. The electrical response from the sensor makes it possible to determine the alcohol content of the fuel and immediately tell whether the fuel meets the standard for use.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_72D5E34F_5AC7_89DD_41C2_FD4B384D6B23.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Separating solids and liquids</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Product Recovery and Purification sector has a module specifically for </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>separating solids and liquids</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. Solid/liquid separation is a routine operation that is involved in many steps of the processes that take place in the plant. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>press filter</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is a conventional filtration device used to retain particles that are too large to pass through the pores of the filter, and is used for separation in chemical and biological processes, precipitates, and byproducts. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Nutsche filter</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> also uses filtering elements to retain particles that are larger than the pores in its filters, and is used to separate biomass after the pre-treatment step, for example. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>decanter centrifuge</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> continuously separates liquids with high levels of solids in suspension, for example suspensions containing vegetative biomass after the enzymatic hydrolysis stage.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA47EFA1_A498_F51D_41C0_6CF97AA61D22.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sindbis virus (SINV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus? </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Sindbis virus is one of the world's most widely distributed mosquito-borne viruses. It causes mild symptoms such as fever, itchy skin rashes, and muscle and joint pain that can persist for long periods.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. It was isolated in 1952 in Culex mosquitoes in the Sindbis district of Cairo, Egypt. Today it can be found throughout the world, but outbreaks have been registered in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Medications are used to treat the symptoms, like antihistamines for itching, non-salicylate pain relievers, and in some cases corticoids for joint pain.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FE8F754_E995_7D7E_41D0_F044E2CF6961.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Small intestine</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Higher-magnification confocal microscope image of the small intestine in an animal model showing the actin cytoskeleton in red and components of the enteric nervous system in green. Note the presence of a single cell (green) in the intestinal epithelium. This is called a neuroenteroendocrine cell, and has many characteristics similar to a neuron. This type of cell has also recently been linked to the onset of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Parkinson's disease. The cell nuclei are shown in blue. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_42123D88_5ADC_7942_41D0_A7D2293FB48F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Small-scale bioreactors</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>bioreactors</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> at the LNBR/CNPEM facilities have </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>volumes</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> ranging from 200 ml to 20 liters. They are all equipped with sensors that can </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>monitor</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> a range of variables like temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen. These sensors provide a series of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>data</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> that can be used to better </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>understand</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> what happens to the metabolism of a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>microorganism</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> under the specific conditions determined for the experiment. This makes it possible to </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>identify</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> the best </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>strategy</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to generate a product of interest in such a way that production is maximized and the process can be </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>scaled up</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0B511F19_505F_5A14_41D2_B4AE921B76A8.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Soil and plant analysis</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this space, the LNBR/CNPEM team uses modern equipment for autonomous analysis to </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>quantify</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> most of the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>chemical elements</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> present in soils, plants, and waste from agroindustry. These </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>analyses</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> are absolutely critical to understand </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>nutrient</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> cycling and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>greenhouse</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>gas</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> balances in agricultural ecosystems. Carbon and nitrogen content in soil and biomass samples is analyzed using dry combustion, a fast, precise method that generates little waste. These assays make it possible to calculate the rates of carbon and nitrogen sequestering in agricultural soils. The results of these analyses, together with those obtained in other CNPEM facilities like assessment of microorganisms and soil microstructure, help us understand the main mechanisms and processes that drive emissions and carbon capture by agricultural soils.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3617C311_5B94_0F21_41AD_E71FB44B140C.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Special conditions in electron microscopy suites</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Because the electron microscopy equipment at LNNano is state-of-the-art, strict engineering criteria were required to construct the building that houses this research infrastructure.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Electron microscopes, whether scanning or transmission, are so sensitive that the suites where they are located require acoustic insulation (green foam tiles) on the walls, for example. The center of each room also has a concrete block weighing several tons that insulates the space from the rest of the building and blocks external vibrations; the line on the floor is where this intersection takes place.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The electrical design has special features and uses materials that minimize the effect of the magnetic field in the microscopy spaces. Additionally, continuous electrical supply ensures the performance and integrity of the scientific equipment.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Meanwhile, the construction design allows overall and individual temperature control in the suites, providing thermic stability. The laboratory also offers support rooms for remote control of the microscopes, keeping the environment as neutral as possible for analyses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA478F9F_A498_F525_41CA_9CA2B2E12705.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The St. Louis Encephalitis virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and belongs to the same family of other important disease-causing viruses like dengue and zika. Although most infections are asymptomatic, severe cases may cause encephalitis.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. The first outbreak of SLEV infections occurred in the 1930s in the American city of St. Louis, Missouri. Here in Brazil, the virus was first found in mosquitoes in the Amazon region during the 1960s, but the first outbreak occurred in 2006 in the city of São José do Rio Preto. Today, it circulates throughout the Americas, from north to south.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There are still no vaccines or medications to treat the infection caused by SLEV. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_017A9A30_5039_3A15_41B8_BFBE2484252D.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Start here!</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To reduce environmental impacts and maximize agricultural production, LNBR/CNPEM works to reveal the interactions between soil, plants, and microorganisms, seeking solutions for more sustainable agriculture.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:15px;">  •  </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Did you know that Brazilian soils have major potential to capture carbon from the atmosphere, which increases the productive capacity of agricultural soils and reduces global warming?</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:15px;">  •  </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Did you know that the use of nitrogen fertilizers is a key source of greenhouse gases from agriculture, and that we can manipulate microorganisms in the soil to reduce these emissions? </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:15px;">  •  </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Did you know that many microorganisms are beneficial, and can be used as biofertilizers and agricultural biodefenses, reducing environmental pollution and improving the quality of agricultural products?</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C30A9B0F_A488_FD25_41D8_92E96C14E682.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Stem cells: Differentiation into brain organoids</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Most processes begin with cell differentiation, which is the process of transforming a stem cell into an organ-specific cell.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FC75662_50D9_6A35_41CB_940AB248BB46.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sterile environment and growth incubators (flow room)  </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The development of more efficient microorganisms and enzymes for various industrial applications requires many steps involving the manipulation of microorganisms in a sterile environment that is free from undesired contaminants. A laminar flow cabinet is a piece of equipment that provides a sterile workspace for manipulating organisms. The surface of this cabinet is decontaminated regularly using ultraviolet light, which disables the contaminating microorganisms. Filtered air also constantly flows out of the cabinet, which stops potentially contaminated outside air from entering the sterile area. The microorganisms of interest are then transferred into sterile containers holding a nutrient-rich medium. Next, these containers are kept in incubators that control agitation and ambient temperature, conditions that are important for the replication of these microorganisms.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_199732F9_5B43_88C5_41D1_ECA9CAD282DD.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Strengths of the Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Developing capacity is at the center of our partnerships. These factors make LNBR/CNPEM a major partner in helping biorenewable and sustainable projects reach society:</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:15px;">  •  </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Experience with various types of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>biomass</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. LNBR is one of the main research and development institutions that looks for industrial applications for </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>sugarcane</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> and its byproducts, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:15px;">  •  </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;"><B>Rational</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;"> development of high-performance biological platforms (microorganisms and enzymes), avoiding trial-and-error.</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:15px;">  •  </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Computational </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>biocatalysis</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>crystallography</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>with synchrotron light</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to help develop biological platforms.</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>  </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:15px;">  •  </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Planning and scaling processes and technologies up to the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>semi-industrial level</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:15px;">  •  </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Technical and economical assessment</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> of technologies and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>life cycle analysis</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> for products.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:15px;">  • </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Monitoring </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>ecosystem </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">services at the regional and national scale in order to support strategies for sustainable use of biomass.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:15px;">  •  </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Proven experience with conception and management of large-scale R&amp;D projects with many interfaces and multiple stakeholders.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_4B332FAF_5057_3A0B_41B3_1A71A70306F4.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sustainability Assessment</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In order to change the current model of the economy based on fossil (non-renewable) sources, it is necessary to transform it to an industrial production model that minimizes the impact on the environment and optimizes the use of natural resources. For scientific discoveries and new technologies to reach society more quickly, tests are needed under different conditions and production scales. LNBR/CNPEM has a Pilot Plant on a semi-industrial scale to assist in this technological transformation. And as not every renewable product is sustainable, a technological assessment is also necessary, which includes technical, economic and environmental aspects, to encourage the adoption of sustainable technologies by the productive sector. LNBR/CNPEM uses a Virtual Biorefinery platform to evaluate the technologies involved in the production of biorenewables. It also develops a geo-referenced sustainability assessment platform that can be applied to assess the environmental and economic performance of various bioproducts and at different geographic scales.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5FB2F702_5057_6BF5_41BC_B7C3DF142229.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sustainable Development Goals (UN)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Imagine a future in which we can enjoy peace and prosperity, where poverty doesn't exist, the environment is protected, and the climate is in balance. This is the future envisioned by the United Nations, and to attain it the Agenda 2030, a global plan made up of the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sustainable Development Goals</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (SDG), was launched in 2015. There are 17 ambitious, interconnected goals that address the main development challenges faced by people in Brazil and around the world. LNBR/CNPEM is aligned with these objectives to develop technologies for sustainable production of biorenewables. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>This activity includes Climate</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> Action (SDG 13), catalyzes production of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Affordable and Clean Energy </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">(SDG 7) via advanced biofuels, encourages preservation of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Life on Land </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">(SDG 15) by monitoring and assessing impacts on ecosystems, stimulates </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Responsible Consumption and Production</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (SDG 12), and drives </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (SDG 9) by developing innovative biotechnology solutions. We are committed to seeking out </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Partnerships</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (SDG 17) to address scientific challenges and create technologies that promote sustainable development.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0D9BADD5_A13D_AC9B_41CB_0BB2F7C81D18.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Synthetic Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>2. The second stage consists of purifying the product, in other words separating the product from the rest of the reaction mixture.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This can be accomplished in various ways, depending on the physical and chemical properties of the product. The most common methods are </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">a. acid-base extraction, mixing a solvent that does not dissolve in water with water containing acid or a base, strongly agitating the mixture to momentarily mix and encouraging each compound to go to the solvent it is most attracted to. The product generally remains in the organic solvent and the subproducts remain in the water. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">b. chromatography purification, where the reaction mixture is passed through a silica gel or resin, using solvents suitable for separating products and subproducts, depending on how much they "stick" in this gel. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">c. finally, recrystallization of the product consists of dissolving it in a hot solvent in which it is not soluble at room temperature, but in which subproducts are always soluble. When cooled, the product crystallizes, in other words, it becomes solid because it is no longer soluble in the "cold" solvent.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0D99EDD3_A13D_AC9F_41E0_6A7373B50A6B.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Synthetic Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>3. Finally, we must confirm that the desired product was successfully obtained,</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> using analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (which provides structural information) or mass spectrometry (which confirms the molecular mass of the product; in other words, its weight). </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">After confirming that the desired product has been obtained, we can move to the next stage in synthesis, and so on.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_0D9B3DD6_A13D_AC99_41BC_84C06CCFF5AE.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Synthetic Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In practice, after planning the reactional conditions, a synthesis process consists of three stages:</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>1. The experiment itself.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">We often mix the starting molecules with reagents that "activate" these molecules, all in a solution that makes it easy for the various compounds to encounter each other. Sometimes the medium must be heated to stimulate the reaction, or even cooled when the mixture is very reactive. Additionally, it may be necessary to remove the airfrom the environment; air brings with it oxygen and humidity, which can hinder the reaction. To do this, we need to replace this atmosphere with inert (non-reactive) gases like pure nitrogen or argon contained in a balloon.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_42804D39_5079_DE17_41CA_495411FFEC30.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Synthetic biology</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Synthetic biology consists of integrating various principles from biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering in order to design and construct new metabolic pathways and modify organisms to optimize and direct their function for industrial applications. In the area of biorenewables, approaches from synthetic biology have become increasingly noteworthy for expanding scientific knowledge as well as developing biotechnologies that can transform agroindustrial waste into biochemicals, bioplastics, or biofuels. LNBR/CNPEM has concentrated its efforts to position itself at the cutting edge of synthetic biology and related areas like systems biology, computational biology, protein engineering and design, and metabolic engineering.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_7FEDD81E_50C9_260C_4191_25A6D5B74AAE.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>The power of metabolomics</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Metabolomics are the analysis we use to discover microorganisms and enzymes that can revolutionize the industry. It is a mass spectrometry-based analysis of various classes of small molecules and metabolites for different biological systems. Metabolomics studies the set of substances generated by a biologic system called metabolites. With it, it is possible to detect and identify molecules relevant to the industry, allowing to point out more efficient metabolic pathways that make it possible to genetically benefit microorganisms involved in the production of biorenewables. Mass spectrometry is a tool that assists in detecting unknown compounds and their quantification, in addition to helping to decipher the chemical and structural properties of molecules. Thus, mass spectrometry is a powerful technique used to identify proteins and new enzymes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_26AEA383_3911_87A9_41C8_EB357A049E89.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Titulo do Box</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Diversos microrganismos produzem enzimas capazes de transformar resíduos agroindustriais em produtos com ampla aplicação em vários setores, desde fármacos, cosméticos, até bioplásticos e biocombustíveis. Uma etapa importante para se estudar e desenvolver esses microrganismos e suas enzimas é descobrir que tipo de matéria prima eles são capazes de transformar e quais produtos eles conseguem produzir. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6856BD50_50F7_7E15_41CF_752ADB690C1B.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Titulo do Box</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Diversos microrganismos produzem enzimas capazes de transformar resíduos agroindustriais em produtos com ampla aplicação em vários setores, desde fármacos, cosméticos, até bioplásticos e biocombustíveis. Uma etapa importante para se estudar e desenvolver esses microrganismos e suas enzimas é descobrir que tipo de matéria prima eles são capazes de transformar e quais produtos eles conseguem produzir. A natureza existe uma grande diversidade de estratégias nesta biotransformação. Para entender os mecanismos da natureza é fundamental o uso de técnicas de química analítica que permitem identificar e quantificar as moléculas envolvidas. O LNBR/CNPEM possui uma Central Analítica composta de vários equipamentos que realiza uma série de análises como de açúcares, álcoois, ácidos orgânicos, compostos fenólicos, cátions, ânions, gases do efeito estufa, carbono, nitrogênio, hidrogênio, enxofre e oxigênio elementar e multi-elementos. Exemplos de técnicas de química analítica disponíveis no LNBR/CNPEM é a cromatografia a gás acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC/MS) e a cromatografia líquida de alta pressão (HPLC). Também se realiza análises térmicas, análises espectrofotométricas e análises de distribuição de tamanho de partículas. Integrado com outros estudos, esse conhecimento nos permite descobrir novas estratégias de biotransformação ou otimizá-las para aplicações em contextos industriais. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_429BFE11_507A_DA17_41C7_3EF26D705B76.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Titulo do Box</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Diversos microrganismos produzem enzimas capazes de transformar resíduos agroindustriais em produtos com ampla aplicação em vários setores, desde fármacos, cosméticos, até bioplásticos e biocombustíveis. Uma etapa importante para se estudar e desenvolver esses microrganismos e suas enzimas é descobrir que tipo de matéria prima eles são capazes de transformar e quais produtos eles conseguem produzir. A natureza existe uma grande diversidade de estratégias nesta biotransformação. Para entender os mecanismos da natureza é fundamental o uso de técnicas de química analítica que permitem identificar e quantificar as moléculas envolvidas. O LNBR/CNPEM possui uma Central Analítica composta de vários equipamentos que realiza uma série de análises como de açúcares, álcoois, ácidos orgânicos, compostos fenólicos, cátions, ânions, gases do efeito estufa, carbono, nitrogênio, hidrogênio, enxofre e oxigênio elementar e multi-elementos. Exemplos de técnicas de química analítica disponíveis no LNBR/CNPEM é a cromatografia a gás acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC/MS) e a cromatografia líquida de alta pressão (HPLC). Também se realiza análises térmicas, análises espectrofotométricas e análises de distribuição de tamanho de partículas. Integrado com outros estudos, esse conhecimento nos permite descobrir novas estratégias de biotransformação ou otimizá-las para aplicações em contextos industriais. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_4313CBEF_507A_DA0B_41A0_4EEEE839AD49.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Titulo do Box</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Diversos microrganismos produzem enzimas capazes de transformar resíduos agroindustriais em produtos com ampla aplicação em vários setores, desde fármacos, cosméticos, até bioplásticos e biocombustíveis. Uma etapa importante para se estudar e desenvolver esses microrganismos e suas enzimas é descobrir que tipo de matéria prima eles são capazes de transformar e quais produtos eles conseguem produzir. A natureza existe uma grande diversidade de estratégias nesta biotransformação. Para entender os mecanismos da natureza é fundamental o uso de técnicas de química analítica que permitem identificar e quantificar as moléculas envolvidas. O LNBR/CNPEM possui uma Central Analítica composta de vários equipamentos que realiza uma série de análises como de açúcares, álcoois, ácidos orgânicos, compostos fenólicos, cátions, ânions, gases do efeito estufa, carbono, nitrogênio, hidrogênio, enxofre e oxigênio elementar e multi-elementos. Exemplos de técnicas de química analítica disponíveis no LNBR/CNPEM é a cromatografia a gás acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC/MS) e a cromatografia líquida de alta pressão (HPLC). Também se realiza análises térmicas, análises espectrofotométricas e análises de distribuição de tamanho de partículas. Integrado com outros estudos, esse conhecimento nos permite descobrir novas estratégias de biotransformação ou otimizá-las para aplicações em contextos industriais. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA47EF9E_A498_F524_41DB_5B3BFD68F7BF.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Usutu virus (USUV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Usutu virus is transmitted by mosquitoes in the Culex genus, and birds are its main hosts. Infection can occur in humans, however, and is characterized by a non-specific febrile state. Some people may develop severe neurological symptoms such as encephalitis and meningoencephalitis. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The virus was first identified in 1959 in southern Africa, in a Culex sp. mosquito. Since that time, it has been circulating in African and European countries. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is no specific treatment for this disease. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_A8DBCA73_5D9C_F9E1_41CB_27C09BC84152.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Vacuum Technology Laboratory and Materials Study and Characterization Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The “red building” is where the Vacuum Technology and Materials Study and Characterization Laboratories are located. These labs plan and construct systems based on vacuum and ultra-high vacuum systems, as well as techniques that bring together special materials and planning and constructing supercomputing and cryogenics systems. There is also infrastructure for materials analysis and characterization.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_23D59226_489D_E00E_41D1_9AB443D9E849.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Vacuum chambers</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Vacuum chambers physically define the environment in which the electron beam moves under the influence of the electromagnetic fields produced by the magnets in the magnetic lattice.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This environment must be practically free of gas molecules, since collisions between the electron beam and gas molecules could cause the loss of stored electrons and a rapid decrease in the beam's current. For this reason, the average pressure throughout the vacuum environment needs to be a trillion times less than atmospheric pressure on Earth, more similar to the pressure on the lunar surface. This value corresponds to what is conventionally called ultra-high vacuum, and requires various special techniques to be produced.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA476F9E_A498_F527_41D6_73B1AB55D115.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>West Nile virus (WNV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">It is a virus in the family Flaviviridae transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. The symptoms resemble the flu: fever, joint and muscle pain, fatigue, malaise, headache, and retro-orbital pain (around the eyes). In more severe cases, the virus can invade the nervous system, causing meningitis and encephalitis.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. It was first isolated in Uganda in 1937. Since then it has been reported in Europe, the Middle East, and North America.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is no specific treatment for this disease. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_43DDE0D8_7D12_B48B_41D2_317A70A8EDDD.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What are enzymes, and how do we make them?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Enzymes</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>proteins</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> that can be considered “molecular machines” present in nature that accelerate chemical reactions. These “machines” are composed of hundreds of parts (amino acids) which in turn are made up of dozens of atoms. The proper organization of these elements in a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>3D structure</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is essential for the enzyme to carry out its function. In order for naturally occurring enzymes to be utilized in </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>industrial applications</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, they often need to be </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>modified</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> or </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>optimized</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, since most industrial processes occur under different conditions of temperature, pH, additives, etc. To guide the development of enzymes that are even faster, efficient, and tolerant for the desired applications, we first need to understand how each enzyme is organized and functions at the atomic level. This involves computational </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>simulations</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> of molecular dynamics based on classical or quantic mechanics, or hybrid techniques where different levels of theory are applied according to each system and each chemical reaction that is the target of study. These complex simulations require significant processing capacity, and are often only possible with </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>supercomputers</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. When the process is complete, we can see an enzymatic reaction occurring on the computer screen and propose new solutions for better performance of industrial enzymes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_27CF7C32_010E_0530_4174_BF54ED7ADB1F.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What are omics and how are they used?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Genomics is the study of the complete genome of organisms, which is all the genetic information contained in the nucleotide sequence in the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>DNA</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> of all its cells. This science makes it possible to analyze and compare organisms to understand their characteristics (phenotype). In research at LNBR/CNPEM involving biotechnology, we often need to combine the information provided by the DNA with additional data to better understand how organisms function. The approaches adopted by researchers often involve the omics: genomics (DNA), </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>transcriptomics </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">(RNA), </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>proteomics</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (proteins), </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>metabolomics</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (metabolites), and even </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>microbiomics</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (communities of microorganisms). We can summarize them by saying that the omics involve the sciences that study target molecules, as defined below:</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Genomics</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">: sequence of nucleotides contained in the DNA of an organism.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Transcriptomics</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">: group of RNA transcribed from an organism at a certain time.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Proteomics</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">: group of proteins produced by an organism at a certain time.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Metabolomics</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">: group of metabolites (small molecules) produced by an organism at a certain time.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this facility, LNBR/CNPEM utilizes omics tools to study biological systems of biotechnological interest such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and complex microbial communities to understand how they function at the molecular level (invisible to the naked eye).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_64416681_5B5C_8B45_41BD_65E36E6A8896.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What are “utilities?”</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Most equipment in the Pilot Plant requires vapor, cold/cool water, and/or compressed air to function. The utilities sector has the infrastructure to provide these inputs so that all the other systems and equipment in the Pilot Plant can operate smoothly. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>The GLP Center</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> provides gas that powers the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>vapor generators</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, which in turn provide saturated vapor for various types of processes. This vapor is used to heat or sterilize equipment and in processes, and can be provided in pressures ranging from 2 to 35 bar, corresponding to temperatures of 130 to 240 °C. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>cooling tower</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>chiller</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> provide cool (near room temperature) and cold (8 °C) water, respectively. Meanwhile, the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>compressors</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> provide compressed air at 10 bar of pressure. More information about this equipment can be found in the images.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_46E878C3_5AC4_B8C5_4185_2B9C73E4FC36.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What do we do in this bioprocess facility?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">When LNBR studies find microorganisms that demonstrate </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>potential for industrial applications</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, assessment of the stages involved to obtain the product(s) begins. All together, these stages are called </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>bioprocesses</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, and testing begins at a small scale involving milliliters, and can reach several hundred liters. This type of study is called </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>scaling</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. We begin with a petri dish containing the microorganism, and transfer it into a submerged culture in a liquid medium. From this liquid that now contains the culture medium and the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>microorganism</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, tests begin in the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>bioreactors</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to determine the best way to utilize the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>carbon source</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (for example, sugars or biomass) and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>maximize</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> generation of the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>products of interest</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. But what's a bioreactor? A </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>bioreactor</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is nothing more than a tank where culturing conditions can be controlled during the experiment; these include temperature, pH, oxygen, and other variables that affect the metabolism of the microorganisms and can make the process more efficient. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>results obtained</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> for these and other variables make it possible to better understand the metabolism of the microorganism and propose transformations to it and changes to the bioprocess itself, which take place in other facilities. With the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>development of bioprocesses</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, production of biorenewables can be taken to </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>new levels</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> that are interesting from an </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>industrial point of view</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. The photos how these studies are done.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E8D46FB1_AAAA_96BB_41E3_667C120E21AF.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is Computational Biology, and for what it's used?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Computational biology is a multidisciplinary area of science that uses computers to understand our biological system. Through algorithms, computational biology allows the understanding of the functions of our genes and how our proteins are structured to regulate various body activities. With computational methods, we can also find or develop new molecules that may, in the future, become drugs for disease treatments. Currently, the applications of the methods in Artificial Intelligence are revolutionizing computational biology with unprecedented learning resources to process complex biological data, thus contributing to solving relevant problems.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0D9A8DD7_A13D_AC87_41DE_7C56C1BAB7E8.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is Synthetic Chemistry? </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Synthetic Chemistry</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is the science that deals with the production of molecules, which can be visualized as interlocking blocks, with smaller pieces (molecules) combining to construct the final molecule. There are hundreds of different reactions or reactional mechanisms, which will depend on the type of starting molecules (the blocks, in this example) that can be utilized together.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_180A4C12_5B5F_9F47_41B9_7984A96AE72C.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is a biorefinery?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A refinery extracts various products like gasoline, diesel fuel, and lubricants from petroleum. A biorefinery extracts various products from biomass, like fuels, chemicals, and materials. But unlike petroleum, biomass is renewable, and products made from it have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass can be first-generation (for example, sugarcane, corn, and soybeans), using sugars, starches, or oils from vegetation, or second-generation, using lignocellulosic materials like waste from agroindustry (like sugarcane bagasse, for example) or from forestry (what is left after eucalyptus trees are harvested, for instance). After chemical, biochemical, or thermochemical processes in the biorefinery, the biomass can produce biofuels or bioproducts, which we call biorenewable products since they come from renewable sources. One example of a biorefinery in Brazil is a sugarcane mill, which produces ethanol, sugar, energy, and other products from sugarcane.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0757FF4D_979D_CF45_41D8_D1A83E0CA0EE.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>X-ray microtomography</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Microtomography is a technique that detects X-rays transmitted through different types of materials. Specialized software is used to reconstruct 2D images in 3D, revealing details about the form and composition of internal structures on a micrometric or sub-micrometric scale.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Besides the 2D and 3D images of the samples, this technique also makes it possible to obtain quantitative data on properties such as porosity, density between different phases, size calculation, and particle distribution.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The video (provided by the Bruker Corporation) shows an example of a piece of bone observed from several angles.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0D593A7A_9484_B14F_41E0_A486087B6252.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>X-ray microtomography</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">X-ray microtomography</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Microtomography is a technique that detects X-rays transmitted through different types of materials. Specialized software is used to reconstruct 2D images in 3D, revealing details about the form and composition of internal structures on a micrometric or sub-micrometric scale.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Besides the 2D and 3D images of the samples, this technique also makes it possible to obtain quantitative data on properties such as porosity, density between different phases, size calculation, and particle distribution. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The video (provided by the Bruker Corporation) shows an example of a piece of bone observed from several angles.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0373CA25_9784_50C5_41BE_E3612049D647.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>X-ray-excited photoelectron spectrometry (XPS)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This device is used for chemical analysis of very fine surface layers of many different kinds of samples ranging from 1 to 10 nanometers thick. XPS is essential to determine the photoelectrical effect of materials, in other words, the emission of electrons by a given material when it is exposed to strong electromagnetic radiation.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Samples are irradiated with X-rays and the resulting photoelectrons are resolved as a function of kinetic energy. By analyzing the spectra, it is possible to deduce the elemental composition and chemical and electronic state of the elements.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_7C5D068A_A497_F72F_41DB_3004904AAFE6.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Yellow Fever virus</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by Haemagogus, Sabethes, and Aedes mosquitoes. The most common symptoms are fever, muscle and predominantly lower back pain, headache, loss of appetite, and nausea or vomiting. Some patients experience a second phase of infection after 3 or 4 days. This second phase is more severe, with a higher risk of death; the symptoms are yellowed skin and eyes, dark urine, abdominal pain with vomiting, and bleeding. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. The first documented New World epidemic took place in 1647 on Barbados. Today the virus is endemic in tropical areas of Africa, Central America, and South America.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The most effective way to prevent this disease is vaccination.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA471F9A_A498_F52F_41D9_499B33D46ED1.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:26px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:26px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Zika virus (ZIKV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Zika is a virus transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. Infection causes low-grade fever, skin rash, headaches, joint pain, malaise, and conjunctivitis. Zika infections are also associated with microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in some cases.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. It was first isolated in monkeys in 1947 in the Zika Forest of Uganda. Until that time, there were sporadic cases in Africa and Asia. In 2014 it reached the Americas, and the first cases in Brazil were registered in 2015. At this time, 86 countries have reported the presence of the virus.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:21px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:21px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:21px;font-family:'Open Sans';">At this time there are no treatments or vaccines approved against infection by the Zika virus.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_964C41E1_A488_0D1D_41E2_144F7E9546BE_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>"for the development of a method for genome editing”</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The 2020 Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded for the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method to two researchers, Emmanuelle Charpentier of the Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens (Berlin) and Jennifer Doudna of the University of California, Berkeley. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Imagem Credit: Alexander Heinel / Picture Alliance / DPA</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_B02743CC_9A7E_0F61_41D1_5168FD41E19E_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>AFM combined with infrared</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">AFM-IR combines the high spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy with the chemical analysis of infrared spectroscopy.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Both techniques together make it possible to acquire topographic images and chemically identify domains as small as 50 nanometers, as in the case of the polymer blend shown in the image here.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AE8F14A0_5D9C_091F_41D2_AAF694406588_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Advanced tool center and manufacturing</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The tool center is where conventional and non-conventional manufacturing processes take place, including manufacture of metal/mechanic parts and components using automated machinery for processes that include cutting, bending, and milling.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_034275D0_A125_7C99_41D0_37A96DC552E0_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What should we know about a new compound that is a candidate for pharmaceutical use before it is tested in humans? </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Experiments in the pre-clinical phase are used to verify whether the compound is safe, and also analyze how it is absorbed and eliminated by the body.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_034055BF_A125_7C87_41D5_4CEAB11E34B7_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Can the new compound be transformed into other compounds by the liver? If so, which ones?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">After mixing the potential pharmaceutical with a liver-based preparation (hepatic microsomes contai-ning CYP450 enzymes), the remaining quantity of the original compound is measured, as well as other substances produced from it, mostly from oxidation and/or reduction reactions.Liquid Chromatography - MassSpectrometry</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0342D5CD_A125_7C8B_41C0_8FF9DE5FFAFA_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Does the new compound resist different conditions (pH) in the digestive and circulatory systems? </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">After mixing the potential pharmaceutical under different conditions (pH), at different times, and measuring how much ultimately remains, we can determine how resistant the compound is and understand its availability in the region where it acts.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_034015C3_A125_7CFF_41C3_6F860E0232D0_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What other evidence can we obtain about the possibility that the new compound might bind to proteins in the blood plasma?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Many pharmaceuticals bind to large proteins present in the blood, like albumin, but some remain free, and this affects their availability in the target tissue. After incubating the potential pharmaceutical in blood plasma, its free fraction can be measured.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_034335D7_A125_7C86_4183_BA18197EFE5B_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Analytical chemistry utilizes a wide variety of methods to investigate the chemical nature of substances and how they behave under different conditions. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Analytical methods are involved in the entire process, from discovery of medications until their sale, assessing physical and chemical properties such as stability, solubility, permeability, and conducting a series of assays related to their pharmacological and toxicological properties in different animal species, in different dosages, administered in different forms and by different routes, as well as in resulting formulations, in order to ensure their efficacy, quality, and safety for human consumption.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_034355CA_A125_7C89_41B3_C34572EB86AF_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Does the new compound have properties that allow it to cross the intestinal membrane and other membranes? Does it circulate freely, or does it bind to other molecules in the blood? </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Permeability of a compound (how it is transported through biological membranes) is a key factor that influences absorption and distribution. For these assessments, we compare the profile of the new compound with profiles of compounds that are alre-ady well-known.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In the blood, most pharmaceuticals tend to bind to plasma proteins like albumin.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0343B5D3_A125_7C9E_41E0_5D1C5A52F788_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">These properties are determined using a variety of equipment. In the laboratory, there is a focus on liquid chromatography associated with spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. These methods, when applied at the initial stages of the process of discovering new candidate molecules, permit the characterization of many compounds and prediction of how they will behave in vivo during the more advanced stages of development. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>The analytical chemistry laboratory is supported by scientists involved in implementing and carrying out many tests that make it possible to assess the purity of compounds as well as their pharmacokinetic properties in vidro and in vivo. The team is also involved in investigating action mechanisms and protein-ligand interaction studies. </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_674B9AD4_50F7_DA1D_41C3_8EFDF2202C10_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analytical chemistry and identifying molecules</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Various microorganisms produce enzymes and metabolites essential to transforming Agroindustrial waste into products with broad applications in severaln sectors ranging from pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to agriculture, biofuels, and even bioplastics. In nature, there are many strategies for biotransformation. To understand the mechanisms in nature, it is essential to use analytical chemistry techniques that allow us to identify the type of raw material they can transform, as well as the molecules or proteins involved. LNBR/CNPEM has an Analysis Center comprised of various equipment used to conduct a series of analyses of substances like sugars, alcohols, organic acids, phenolic and volatile compounds, cations, anions, greenhouse gases, and carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Some examples of chemical analysis techniques available at LNBR/CNPEM are gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thermic analyses, along with spectrophotometric and particle size distribution analyses, are also conducted. Together with other research, this knowledge allows us to discover new strategies for biotransformation and the production of molecules of interest for applications in industrial and agricultural applications.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_B029BC54_9A7E_3960_41E0_68C235A6F0F9_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Analyzing fine films using AFM</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The AFM image shows a fine film comprised of ZIF-8 crystals, a material made up of zinc ions (Zn2+) and organic ligands (2-methylimidazole).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The porosity of ZIF-8 and its chemical and thermal stability make it a very promising material for gas separation and storage.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Recently its use in electronic devices and other sensors has also been investigated.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_034395C6_A125_7CF9_41DC_07A76E4DBA4A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Anatylical Chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">What other evidence can we obtain about the possibility that the new compound may cross cellular membranes?</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Intestinal cells can be cultivated in the laboratory, creating a barrier that mimics the membrane pre-sent in our bodies. In this way, we can measure the candidate compound's potential ability to cross this barrier, which can be interpreted as its capacity to permeate the intestine.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_965381DE_A488_0D27_4180_C45597855C6B_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Applications of CRISPR/Cas9</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This tool has </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>revolutionized</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>life sciences, </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">as well </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>as agriculture </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>industrial biotech, </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">and is being tested as a therapy for</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> human diseases </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">like </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>cancer, blood disorders, chronic infections, cancer-related blindness, sickle cell anemia, genetic blindness, HIV, and cystic fibrosis.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_965311DD_A488_0D25_41DD_2C70A33BE079_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Applications of gene editing</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In scientific studies, models with specific genetic characteristics can be created to analyze the action of medications and other drugs. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Clinical trials utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing are currently underway in volunteers (in the US, China, Europe, New Zealand, and Australia) to find cures for diseases that so far are incurable, such as HIV (CCR5), leukemia, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, melanomas, ovarian cancer, sickle cell anemia, beta thalassemia, and hereditary blindness. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Although they are still in early stages, the clinical trials in patients with beta thalassemia and sickle cell anemia have been extremely promising, eliminating the need for blood transfusions (which are often required to treat patients with these diseases).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_FD58B5D4_9784_535B_41D3_1E101B69002A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Artificial photosynthesis</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">LNNano has an energy program focused on using nanotechnology tools to develop alternative energy sources via electrochemical processes. The program is based on developing processes to store solar energy through hydrogen (H2) generation, a system that mimics photosynthesis and stores energy through electrochemical processes, mainly involving solid lithium ion (Li+) batteries. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The two energy storage processes that are the focus of this program (artificial photosynthesis and lithium ion batteries) have the same basic problems that lead to poor efficiency in the devices. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Solving these interface problems could improve the efficiency of these devices, making them economically more competitive.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E311EFD7_978D_CF45_41D8_589850046708_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Atomic model of septins </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The video shows the atomic model of septins (proteins that make up the human cytoskeleton) captured using advanced cryogenic electron microscopy techniques, with local resolution of 3–5 angstroms (sub-atomic resolution).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Research at LNNano, in partnership with USP São Carlos, has shown that the process of septin formation is actually the inverse of what had been previously thought. Proper understanding of this process affects knowledge on the formation of cell structure.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Understanding the three-dimensional structure of proteins like this one may help researchers in the future reveal anomalies caused by various diseases.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">O conhecimento da estrutura tridimensional de proteínas como esta podem ajudar, no futuro, pesquisadores a desvendar anomalias causadas por diversas doenças.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_B64A5B74_9A7E_1F20_41BF_F9506A206675_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Atomically flat surfaces</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The development of semiconductor devices requires that the surfaces used in their fabrication be flat in order to avoid structural defects; these defects could affect the transport of electrical charges through the material and affect its proper- ties.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">But in the real world, a totally "flat" surface is difficult to obtain, as in the case of silicon carbide surfaces, which may exhibit height variations of a single atom. These monoatomic variations can be seen via atomic force microscopy (AFM).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_524D8132_95FC_B0DF_41C1_0B1567141A7A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Bambootronics </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Imagine if a slice of bamboo could be transformed into electrical or electrochemical devices; integrated microcircuits capable of turning on lights, acting as sensors, or heating water or other liquids could be installed. This is the subject of a research project at CNPEM in partnership with PUC-Rio. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The challenge of this study lies in fabricating microchannels with high electrical conductivity that make it possible to use them in electrical and electrochemical devices. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Taking advantage of the complex vegetative structure of bamboo designed by nature, the scientists coated its microchannels with a conductive paint that allows an electrical current to pass through the bamboo, creating what the authors of the study call Bambootronics. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This new function can be utilized in the future in 3D electronic circuits, microfluidic heaters, and integrated sensors in smart and sustainable homes. Another important advantage of using bamboo is its scalability in producing products. Bamboo grows very quickly and easily in tropical countries, and many developing economies would benefit from this new competitive and sustainable technology.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306F1982_E6F8_80E7_41D0_00D98CA70473_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Advanced materials</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The challenges involved in sustainable development involve availability of abundant, cheap, and clean energy. New materials must consequently be developed to improve the conversion of biomass into fuels, and to more efficiently channel light energy from the sun, kinetic energy from wind, or potential energy from water resources.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Making industrial production more efficient and less polluting by creating cheaper and more selective catalysts from lighter and stronger materials (like plastic, glass, and fibers) as well as increasingly potent and cheaper components for electronic devices is consequently essential.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius offers an enormous variety of ways to see interactions between electrons and light, bonds between chemical elements, and interactions with other substances in detail. The combination of these tools is essential for developing new materials.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6EEF11BE_48E4_607E_41D0_3C1C5FE86F7A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Catalysts</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Catalysts are substances that facilitate chemical reactions in nearly all industrial processes involving transformation of primary products. The search for more efficient and accessible catalysts directly impacts the economy and the environment, by reducing the costs of production processes or making industrial production cleaner, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">But this search involves studying catalysts in operational conditions, in other words, the same conditions involved in the industrial processes they will be utilized in. These conditions include high temperatures and pressures and various reagents.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius allows these chemical reactions to be studied in real time, and lets researchers observe the changes in the structure of the reagents as well as the catalysts. This permits a detailed understanding of how a certain catalyst functions, and can direct potential modifications to improve its performance, making it cheaper to produce, for example, or more selective to the product of interest, or more active at lower temperatures and pressures.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306F9981_E6F8_80E5_41EB_403D387F9EAC_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Catalysts</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Catalysts are substances that facilitate chemical reactions in nearly all industrial processes involving transformation of primary products. The search for more efficient and accessible catalysts directly impacts the economy and the environment, by reducing the costs of production processes or making industrial production cleaner, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">But this search involves studying catalysts in operational conditions, in other words, the same conditions involved in the industrial processes they will be utilized in. These conditions include high temperatures and pressures and various reagents.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius allows these chemical reactions to be studied in real time, and lets researchers observe the changes in the structure of the reagents as well as the catalysts. This permits a detailed understanding of how a certain catalyst functions, and can direct potential modifications to improve its performance, making it cheaper to produce, for example, or more selective to the product of interest, or more active at lower temperatures and pressures.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3069797E_E6F8_801F_41D4_F87A9A63980C_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Fertilizer</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Nitrogen is an important chemical element for plants, and is a component of proteins and chlorophyll. But even though nitrogen gas (N2) is abundant in the atmosphere, plants cannot directly absorb it from the air; first, it must be transformed into other chemical forms like ammonia (NH3). </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Synthetic fertilizers that contain nitrogen are obtained from chemical reactions between the nitrogen in the atmosphere and raw materials resulting from petroleum and mining production. This reaction requires extreme temperatures and pressures, and it is estimated that this process consumes between 1 and 2% of worldwide energy production. Meanwhile, this transformation occurs in the soil itself at ambient temperature and pressure, thanks to enzymes produced by bacteria called nitrogenases.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius makes it possible to investigate not only the three-dimensional structure of the atomic arrangement that makes up these enzymes, but also their interactions with other molecules and the mechanisms by which they break apart nitrogen gas and form ammonia. It is essential to understand this mechanism so it can be used in industry for more efficient and sustainable production of fertilizers.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_576A0139_48E4_A002_41D2_0D03A9E01457_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Fertilizer</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Nitrogen is an important chemical element for plants, and is a component of proteins and chlorophyll. But even though nitrogen gas (N2) is abundant in the atmosphere, plants cannot directly absorb it from the air; first, it must be transformed into other chemical forms like ammonia (NH3).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Synthetic fertilizers that contain nitrogen are obtained from chemical reactions between the nitrogen in the atmosphere and raw materials resulting from petroleum and mining production. This reaction requires extreme temperatures and pressures, and it is estimated that this process consumes between 1 and 2% of worldwide energy production. Meanwhile, this transformation occurs in the soil itself at ambient temperature and pressure, thanks to enzymes produced by bacteria called nitrogenases.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius makes it possible to investigate not only the three-dimensional structure of the atomic arrangement that makes up these enzymes, but also their interactions with other molecules and the mechanisms by which they break apart nitrogen gas and form ammonia. It is essential to understand this mechanism so it can be used in industry for more efficient and sustainable production of fertilizers.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_69BBAFB8_48E4_A002_41C8_EB7D4427D208_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: New pharmaceuticals</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">From the moment a molecule related to a disease is identified, whether it is produced by an infectious agent or by the human body itself, it can become a therapeutic target, in other words, a target for pharmaceutical activity. Like a puzzle piece, the pharmaceutical molecule must fit perfectly with the target molecule to stop it from acting in our body.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">For this reason, the search for pharmaceutical molecules becomes more efficient if we know the shapes they need to fit with. But this game of discovering new medications is a bit different from a puzzle: the pieces cannot be seen by the naked eye.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius is an essential tool for investigating the three-dimensional structure of molecules, allowing us to more profoundly understand how they act in the body and the processes by which a potential pharmaceutical can bind to them. In this way, new drugs can be discovered, and the function of existing medications can be better understood in order to boost their efficacy.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_69E0B34D_48EC_E002_41BC_18AC338DB019_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: New treatments</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells multiply out of control, and one of the main treatment methods is chemotherapy, which uses pharmaceuticals to destroy or block the growth of these cells. Most chemotherapy drugs interfere with mitosis, the chemical mechanism by which new cells are produced; this affects both healthy and cancerous cells, causing various side effects.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Around the world, considerable effort has been directed at developing new methods that minimize damage to the body. One of these methods is the use of nanoparticles, groupings of a few hundred atoms, that act as pills to carry and deliver the medication directly to the cancer cells. Nanoparticles of this type also present significant potential in combating bacteria (including those that are resistant to antibiotics) and viruses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius contributes to the study of nanoparticles in general as well as to the development of this and other new methods to treat cancer, combat resistant bacteria and viruses, and many other new and innovative treatments.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306EF97F_E6F8_801D_41E8_6AAEFA36C69D_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Newpharmaceuticals</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">From the moment a molecule related to a disease is identified, whether it is produced by an infectious agent or by the human body itself, it can become a therapeutic target, in other words, a target for pharmaceutical activity. Like a puzzle piece, the pharmaceutical molecule must fit perfectly with the target molecule to stop it from acting in our body.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">For this reason, the search for pharmaceutical molecules becomes more efficient if we know the shapes they need to fit with. But this game of discovering new medications is a bit different from a puzzle: the pieces cannot be seen by the naked eye.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius is an essential tool for investigating the three-dimensional structure of molecules, allowing us to more profoundly understand how they act in the body and the processes by which a potential pharmaceutical can bind to them. In this way, new drugs can be discovered, and the function of existing medications can be better understood in order to boost their efficacy.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306E7980_E6F8_80E3_41DA_79BD353F3A9F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Newtreatments</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells multiply out of control, and one of the main treatment methods is chemotherapy, which uses pharmaceuticals to destroy or block the growth of these cells. Most chemotherapy drugs interfere with mitosis, the chemical mechanism by which new cells are produced; this affects both healthy and cancerous cells, causing various side effects.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Around the world, considerable effort has been directed at developing new methods that minimize damage to the body. One of these methods is the use of nanoparticles, groupings of a few hundred atoms, that act as pills to carry and deliver the medication directly to the cancer cells. Nanoparticles of this type also present significant potential in combating bacteria (including those that are resistant to antibiotics) and viruses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius contributes to the study of nanoparticles in general as well as to the development of this and other new methods to treat cancer, combat resistant bacteria and viruses, and many other new and innovative treatments.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_60024CF8_489C_6001_41D0_64B66669FF91_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Petroleum and natural gas</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Despite the intense search for alternative energy sources, the worldwide energy grid mostly depends on petroleum. New materials are consequently needed not only to improve extraction and refinement, but also to use the fossil fuels more efficiently and recycle the carbon dioxide (CO2) and other substances resulting from this consumption.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Deep-water exploration for oil and gas demands a solid understanding of the mechanical and transport-related qualities of the materials where oil and gas are found. The heterogeneity and multiphasic and multiscale properties of these materials create a variety of challenges for studying them.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius allows analyses that connect the micro and macro scales, including measurements under the different pressure and temperature conditions that are found inside such reserves.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306E2983_E6F8_80E5_41E6_9ED265992C44_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Renewable energy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Transforming biomass like sugarcane bagasse and leaves (waste from the sugar and alcohol processing industry) into fuels and chemical products has the potential to become a viable alternative to fossil fuels like petroleum and natural gas. Making this transformation efficient and economically viable is one of the great challenges of this century.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To convert biomass, the carbohydrates this sugarcane waste is made of (like cellulose) must be broken down into smaller sugars. Catalysts are useful in this process because they can be easily separated from the medium in which the chemical reaction occurs, they can be recycled, and they are also resistant to the aggressive medium required to transform biomass. Another possibility is the use of enzymatic cocktails produced by organisms that are specialized in decomposing vegetative biomass.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius helps develop low-cost catalysts as well as enzymatic cocktails, which boost conversion of the reagents and increase selectivity of the product of interest.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_609FC3AB_489F_E007_41D0_44C0C56B4B61_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Renewable energy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Transforming biomass like sugarcane bagasse and leaves (waste from the sugar and alcohol processing industry) into fuels and chemical products has the potential to become a viable alternative to fossil fuels like petroleum and natural gas. Making this transformation efficient and economically viable is one of the great challenges of this century.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To convert biomass, the carbohydrates this sugarcane waste is made of (like cellulose) must be broken down into smaller sugars. Catalysts are useful in this process because they can be easily separated from the medium in which the chemical reaction occurs, they can be recycled, and they are also resistant to the aggressive medium required to transform biomass. Another possibility is the use of enzymatic cocktails produced by organisms that are specialized in decomposing vegetative biomass.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius helps develop low-cost catalysts as well as enzymatic cocktails, which boost conversion of the reagents and increase selectivity of the product of interest.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5B292A38_48AD_A002_41A8_5EE83298B74F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Soils</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In agriculture, nutrients required for plants to grow and develop are supplied or supplemented using fertilizers, which may be mineral or organic substances, natural or synthetic. But the physical and chemical routes these nutrients take from when they are applied to soils until they are absorbed and incorporated into the plant's metabolism are still not well understood.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Soil is a solid, heterogeneous combination of organic and inorganic compounds immersed in aqueous solutions and amid plant roots. The chemical, physical, and biological processes that take place there on the atomic and molecular levels control the transport, availability, and absorption of nutrients, as well as the transport of pollutants and soil contamination.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius makes it possible to investigate the structure of this region on various scales at high resolution, revealing how nutrients as well as pollutants travel through the soil, and how they chemically change as they interact with other molecules. In this way, the processes that take place in the soil can be better understood and controlled, contributing to agricultural production that is more efficient and less environmentally aggressive.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306FA97D_E6F8_801D_41E0_24FAF93EFBE3_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits: Soils</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In agriculture, nutrients required for plants to grow and develop are supplied or supplemented using fertilizers, which may be mineral or organic substances, natural or synthetic. But the physical and chemical routes these nutrients take from when they are applied to soils until they are absorbed and incorporated into the plant's metabolism are still not well understood.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Soil is a solid, heterogeneous combination of organic and inorganic compounds immersed in aqueous solutions and amid plant roots. The chemical, physical, and biological processes that take place there on the atomic and molecular levels control the transport, availability, and absorption of nutrients, as well as the transport of pollutants and soil contamination.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius makes it possible to investigate the structure of this region on various scales at high resolution, revealing how nutrients as well as pollutants travel through the soil, and how they chemically change as they interact with other molecules. In this way, the processes that take place in the soil can be better understood and controlled, contributing to agricultural production that is more efficient and less environmentally aggressive.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6E248119_489D_E002_41C6_632C3CA98367_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits:</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Advanced materials</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The challenges involved in sustainable development involve availability of abundant, cheap, and clean energy. New materials must consequently be developed to improve the conversion of biomass into fuels, and to more efficiently channel light energy from the sun, kinetic energy from wind, or potential energy from water resources.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Making industrial production more efficient and less polluting by creating cheaper and more selective catalysts from lighter and stronger materials (like plastic, glass, and fibers) as well as increasingly potent and cheaper components for electronic devices is consequently essential.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius offers an enormous variety of ways to see interactions between electrons and light, bonds between chemical elements, and interactions with other substances in detail. The combination of these tools is essential for developing new materials.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_306FA983_E6F8_80E5_41DD_C57B5769ABCC_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Benefits:Petroleum andnatural gas  </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Despite the intense search for alternative energy sources, the worldwide energy grid mostly depends on petroleum. New materials are consequently needed not only to improve extraction and refinement, but also to use the fossil fuels more efficiently and recycle the carbon dioxide (CO2) and other substances resulting from this consumption.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Deep-water exploration for oil and gas demands a solid understanding of the mechanical and transport-related qualities of the materials where oil and gas are found. The heterogeneity and multiphasic and multiscale properties of these materials create a variety of challenges for studying them.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sirius allows analyses that connect the micro and macro scales, including measurements under the different pressure and temperature conditions that are found inside such reserves.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_B13D490F_9A7E_18FF_41B2_78D2F00E7DA1_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Bio-AFM</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The images show smooth vascular muscle cells. The image on the left is optical, while the images on the right were obtained via AFM from the outlined square.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The measurements were taken from living cells in culture. The mapping was done using the pulsed force method to simultaneously obtain topographical images (upper right) and map rigidity via Young's module (lower right), which allowed researchers to visualize the location of the actin fibers in a cellular cytoskeleton.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5B76EF92_9584_4FDF_41E1_D376BEEADCE8_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biological and environmental models  </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Profound understanding of the interactions between nanomaterials/new materials and biological systems and the environment is essential for innovation, security, and environmental sustainability. We utilize an integrated systems approach to study these interactions and the impacts of these materials, with model organisms like bacteria, fungi, plants, nematodes, microcrustaceans, insects, and fish.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The zebrafish model is commonly used for toxicity screening of chemical compounds and materials in general. Ecotoxicity assays are done to protect aquatic and terrestrial life, as well as to assist in remediation processes and improve the quality of water and soil. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Developing new materials in harmony with protecting human, animal, and environmental health (a concept known as “safe-by-design") is a commitment here at CNPEM.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_65F28CA9_5B43_BF45_41D1_358B99E031A2_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biomass Conditioning module</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biomass Conditioning module</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> covers all stages of biomass pre-processing: removing mineral impurities, grinding to generate various particle sizes, and classification by particle sizes for subsequent physical and chemical treatment. These steps are very important, since impurities in the biomass can damage equipment, and the incorrect particle size can make some processes impractical. Biomass size can also facilitate the transformation of biomass into sugars for microorganisms. But if the conditioning stage is very costly, it could make the entire process financially inviable. For this reason, this stage needs to be studied and optimized for industrial application. The main equipment in the Pilot Plant includes a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>dry cleaning system, grinding system, and vibrating sieve.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_19F56607_5B43_8B4E_41BF_6B79030F845D_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biomass Hydrolysis and Fermentation Processes</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biomass Hydrolysis</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> module is where biomass that has already undergone physical and chemical pre-treatment to break down its structure into smaller molecules of sugars for microorganisms to consume in a subsequent step may be used to generate a product of interest, for example. For instance, the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Hydrolysis Reactor</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> performs enzymatic hydrolysis of vegetative biomass with a high level of solids. Mixing the necessary enzymes into biomass with low levels of water and maintaining the entire reaction at the appropriate temperature can be challenging. The contents of the reactor must be agitated enough to allow the enzymes to act upon and break the molecules of the vegetative biomass, transforming long chains of cellulose into small molecule of glucose. The reactions can last a few hours or several days, and during the entire period the reaction parameters (temperature, pH, agitation) are controlled automatically.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_19A2F465_5B5C_8FCD_4170_4259ADF98510_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biomass and the circular economy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>circular economy i</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">s an economic concept that is part of sustainable development and provides a new perspective on the use of natural resources and our relationship with the environment. It involves the three Rs (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>reduce, reuse, recycle</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">) to minimize product use and irresponsible waste disposal. Products are reused and recycled, and waste is transformed into new products in order to reduce extraction of natural resources and impacts on the environment. Cascading use of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>biomass </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">in biorefineries (in other words, making the most of biomass and its byproducts) is part of the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>circular economy </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">and makes it possible to produce biorenewables like ethanol, aviation fuel, electricity, and bioplastics in favor of economic development based on sustainable use of natural resources.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0D3DAB8A_5049_FAF5_41C1_AAA8DDBC9A31_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biosafety level two facility (NB-2)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">We share our everyday lives with microorganisms that are beneficial for our health, like the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Lactobacillus sp</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. that are used to ferment milk. But some are pathogenic, like the infamous </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>SARS-CoV-2</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> virus. Microorganisms are classified into four groups according to the degree of risk they present: Risk Group 1 contains organisms that are unlikely to pose risk (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Escherichia coli</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, for example, a bacterium that is naturally present in human intestines), while Risk Group 4 contains highly pathogenic microorganisms that pose severe health risk (such as the Ebola virus, which can be deadly). This room is certified for work with Risk Group 2 microorganisms and their genetically modified derivatives. These microorganisms pose low risk to the population, even though they can cause infection, because effective therapies and prevention measures exist. Some of these microorganisms are found in environments that we have not studied, such as in soils. One example is Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic bacteria species that can cause illness in immunosuppressed people. The professionals who work in this facility are trained to manipulate this type of bacteria, and everything that leaves the work environment is carefully sterilized.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5E68E68B_5049_2AF4_41C1_F9C92E714D66_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Biotechnology</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Biotechnology encompasses the use of living beings or their components to develop or create products with applications for various sectors. It is present in agriculture, in industrial production of food and beverages, in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors, and in production of biofuels and bioplastics. Biotechnology is a game-changing tool in efforts to develop more sustainable production processes that use renewable raw materials. The LNBR/CNPEM applies biotechnology to develop enzymes and microorganisms for industrial uses and in the agricultural sectors, using synthetic biology and multi-omic techniques. It also works to develop technologies and sustainable processes for industry, with scaling of technologies and sustainability assessment. The goal is to achieve products with low environmental impacts for society while generating wealth and jobs.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_436D01B9_507B_6617_41A1_7EAC168BFE09_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Brazilian biodiversity</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Brazil is known worldwide for its rich biodiversity and abundant biomass. Biodiversity is the richness and variety of a group of living beings that are present in each ecosystem, such as the Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest. The largest and best-preserved biome is the Amazon. These biomes are home to many species that are endemic (in other words, that only occur in those biomes). The soil in these biomes is also replete with many species of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and protozoa; this collection of microorganisms is called the soil microbiome. LNBR/CNPEM studies Brazilian biodiversity in these microbiomes, as well as biomass like sugarcane, corn, and agricultural byproducts, in order to make new industrial models that utilize biotechnology as a main tool viable.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3C224BAE_017A_03D0_4179_92B93346A97B_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Building microorganisms for sustainable industry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The development of high-performance microorganisms expands the portfolio of products that can be biologically obtained for industry. A fundamental step in this process of obtaining more efficient microorganisms is the introduction of modifications in their DNA sequence. The DNA molecule is composed of genes and carries all the information necessary for the functioning of an organism. To build a microorganism capable of producing a bioproduct of interest, it is necessary to introduce a gene from another organism into its DNA. How do we do it? See in this video!</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_322D2777_EBAA_9D3A_41E9_A778545CEE0F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>By which technique do we study oral cancer?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>By proteomics based on mass spectrometry.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Proteomics comprises the analysis of proteins and peptides aiming at the identification and quantification of proteins, as well as the determination of post-translational modifications, location, structure, interaction, activity and function of the same through mass spectrometry.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DDCF4D86_9F25_6D79_41BC_80BB1E5857F0_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Continuous Actions</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The unprecedented pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak ravages humanity and highlights the importance of science and technology to contain threats to global health. CNPEM is mobilized to act at this critical moment, through its highly qualified multidisciplinary teams, its expertise in molecular and structural biology and the domain of competences, such as protein crystallography, computational biology, large-scale drug screenings and cryomicroscopy.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Emerging human viruses such as Covid-19 are expected to continue to threaten global public health, with significant socio-economic and well-being implications. The adequate response to epidemic outbreaks requires, among others, the permanent establishment of multidisciplinary scientific and technological skills, aimed at identifying etiological agents, developing diagnostic methods and strategies for preventing and treating viral diseases.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DDCEBD84_9F25_6D79_41B8_6D01D4EC7E58_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Continuous Actions</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">With funding from the MCTI, CNPEM will deploy new infrastructure and skills, complementary to those already existing at the Center, to further advance research on pathogenic human viruses. It is expected, through this initiative, to contribute so that Brazil can quickly respond to sanitary and medical needs in situations of outbreaks, but also to guarantee a permanent research agenda that results in the deepening of basic knowledge about pathogenic human viruses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">With an initial contribution of 45 million reais, the ongoing project includes the implementation of a Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory (NB3) at CNPEM, as well as investments in infrastructure and resources in the following action fronts: Synthetic Biology and Genetic Engineering, Molecular Virology and Structural Immunology, Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Nanobiology and Diagnostic Devices, Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Development, Computational Biology and Artificial Intelligence.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">CNPEM mobilizes to respond to the challenges of the present and the future. We follow together and alert!</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DDCCCD88_9F25_6C89_41C3_992FE797BD3A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Diagnosis</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Are people who have had COVID-19 immune to the disease ?</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Do asymptomatic people who have contracted COVID-19 develop antibodies ? Do front-line healthcare professionals produce defenses against the virus ?</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Understanding the behavior of the immune system during the new coronavirus pandemic can help to clarify questions that science has not yet answered and support public health policy decision-making.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This is one of the reasons that motivates the National Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) to develop national and economically accessible protocols for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DDCC5D89_9F25_6C8B_41E1_228742F21922_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Drug repositioning. Work continues.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">CNPEM continues its drug screening activities, with funding from the Financier of Studies and Projects (FINEP) and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations (MCTI). Although it identified a promising candidate, it is known that for the treatment of viruses it is common that more than one drug is needed to overcome the frequent mutations of the viruses. In other words, a therapeutic arsenal is often needed, a cocktail capable of inhibiting different viral targets, as happens in the treatment of HIV. The possibility of combining more than one medication is one of the fronts that guide CNPEM's actions.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In addition, the Center operates in the production and determination of the structure of viral proteins that can be therapeutic targets, supporting the development of new therapies. Structural and molecular biology studies are only possible because CNPEM has sophisticated equipment, such as the Manacá beamline on Sirius and cryomicroscopes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DDCFED8A_9F25_6C89_41D5_A97C355B99B4_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B><I>Drug repositioning. Can the solution be on the pharmacy shelves?  </I></B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">CNPEM has combined techniques from molecular and structural biology, scientific computing, chemoinformatics, artificial intelligence and data from the literature to assess the potential of drugs already known for other purposes against the coronavirus. Recognized worldwide, the drug repositioning strategy reduces the time for acquiring a treatment, since it targets drugs that have already been approved and, therefore, have already been characterized and evaluated in preclinical and clinical tests.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Among the thousands of drugs tested by CNPEM researchers against the coronavirus in in silico trials, those considered the most promising go on to be tested with cells infected with the virus, a step carried out in partnership with Unicamp.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In 2020, these trials identified a drug that significantly reduced viral load in laboratory tests with SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. The data generated by CNPEM were shared with Rede Vírus MCTI, responsible for articulating the continuity of the study in clinical tests, with people infected by the coronavirus. The results of these tests, carried out by Organs competent bodies, will define the clinical efficacy of the compound selected by CNPEM.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DDCEDD87_9F25_6C87_41C8_9EC6E714D6F4_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:13px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM actions in the fight against Covid-19</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To help professionals working on the front lines of the fight against COVID-19, the CNPEM Engineering group designed and produced a plastic mask for individual protection, adapted to the production processes and machinery available at the Center and within strict quality standards.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The visors, simple to assemble and compatible with other protective masks, are made of crystalline material, light and resistant, and can be cleaned and reused. A first batch was successfully submitted to tests at the Medical Specialties Clinic in Limeira.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_964DD1DF_A488_0D24_41B6_511255864764_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing technology</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The new technology </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>works like a genetic scissor</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to precisely cut DNA strands from practically any living being. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This scissor is an </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>enzyme called Cas9</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, which works together with a small molecule called single-guide RNA (sgRNA) that was synthesized to bind to a specific DNA sequence in the genome; it guides Cas9 to this sequence, where the enzyme cuts the DNA. The gene can then be inactivated or a single letter can be substituted, depending on the type of CRISPR tool that is being used.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_BABC6DF7_9F25_AC87_41E2_0D27C3BF30CD_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cancer Biology Laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Today, the Cancer Biology Laboratory is investigating how glutaminase (the enzyme) and glutamine (the nutrient) affect the way the immune system defends the body from cancer cells, and how the monoclonal antibodies (biologically-based medications) currently used in cancer work. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is also interest in developing methods to cultivate cells in three dimensions to mimic tumor masses. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_BABD4DFD_9F25_AC8B_41E0_2F0EED0432A2_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cancer Biology Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LNBio's Cancer Biology Laboratory </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">is a group composed of biologists, pharmacists, biotechnicians, chemists, and biomedical specialists that carry out research on the molecular and cellular biology of cancer.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The objective is to understand what changes in a cell for it to become cancerous, especially changes in the way it consumes and utilizes nutrients (sugar, fats, and amino</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">acids).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The goal is to find the “Achilles' heel” of cancerous cells to effectively defeat them. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_BAA3FDF8_9F25_AC89_41B0_AFDD738FD23D_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cancer Biology Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Metabolic exchanges between cancer cells and the immune system create tolerance and overpower the immune system.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>* Lactate and quinurine </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">are metabolic byproducts of cancer cells that inactivate immune cells, thus allowing the tumor to grow.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>* Myeloid-deprived suppressor cells</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">originate from the bone marrow and develop characteristics that make them destructive to the immune system.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_BABDFDFC_9F25_AC89_41E0_169C51150F65_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cancer Biology Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">One victory in this quest was the resolution of the atomic structure of a protein called glutaminase, which is important for cells to metabolize a nutrient called </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>glutamine</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The research group proposed and produced images of this active protein, and has been looking for molecules that can be used in new pharmaceuticals to deactivate it.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Using an advanced </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>single particle electron microscopy technique</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, they revealed the true active form of this enzyme.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This was the first group to reveal the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>atomic structure of glutaminase using protein crystallography and small angle X-ray scattering technology. </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_BABC1DFA_9F25_AC89_41E3_914AE20FD76F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cancer Biology Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Cancer Biology Laboratory studies a type of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>breast cancer known as triple-negative</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, which does not respond to the most efficient target therapies that are currently available. This type of cancer is particularly sensitive to the lack of glutamine.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>The group's publications have already demonstrated that:</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">• use of glutaminase-inhibiting drugs kills these cells or causes them to grow more slowly;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">• inhibiting glutaminase as well as fat utilization affects them even more strongly;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">• there are new therapeutic targets for this type of tumor;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">• glutaminase is also important in </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>colorectal cancer</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, and is associated with a higher risk of this type of tumor in individuals with a specific alteration in their DNA. This discovery was made in partnership with a group led by Dr. George Calin at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Texas.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_BAA3EDFB_9F25_AC8F_41CE_99B4FE47F824_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cancer Biology Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The article </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mitochondrial localization and structure-based phosphate activation mechanism of Glutaminase C with implications for cancer metabolism,</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> published in issue 109 of the American research journal Proceedings da National Academy of Sciences (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112495109), demonstrated the regions that are important for glutaminase C activities and how levels of this protein increase in breast tumors.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C00620E4_A12E_B4B9_41E0_89BA17196B47_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Heart failure</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is a disease with high morbidity and mortality that affects over 23 million patients worldwide. Half of these patients die within 5 years of being diagnosed. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The physiological mechanism of heart failure is the adult heart’s </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>inability</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to regenerate </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>lost or damaged myocardial tissue</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C00650E3_A12E_B4BF_41C3_28D215C75932_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Although cardiac myocytes (the heart cells responsible for contracting) are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>renewed</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> in the adult heart, this process is </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>limited and not sufficient</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to repair contractile dysfunction.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Early in life, the heart is capable of substantial regeneration after injury due to the proliferation of pre-existing cardiac myocytes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">But this regenerative capacity is lost during the first days after birth, which coincides with changes in how the heart consumes and utilizes nutrients (like sugars, fats, and amino acids).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C006A0E5_A12E_B4BB_41DB_EB3483357AD6_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">At LNBio's Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, researchers explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of heart failure and the inability of the adult heart to regenerate the myocardium (heart tissue) that is lost after a heart attack.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The ultimate goal is to identify molecular targets that are important for developing new classes of pharmacological inhibitors to treat chronic heart failure. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C00470E1_A12E_B4BB_41AD_4F996A79E41B_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">During the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>first days after birth</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, when the heart has a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>strong capacity for regeneration</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, it uses sugars as its main energy source.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">But the adult heart, which is no longer able to regenerate its cells, uses fats as its energy source. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This change in how the heart consumes and utilizes nutrients may be the key to </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>developing new therapies</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> for cardiac diseases.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C005E0E0_A12E_B4B9_41DC_3FD97973A24C_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">We have recently </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>demonstrated that it is possible to reduce the consumption of fat by the adult heart and consequently reactivate its regenerative capacity</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In an article entitled </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mitochondrial substrate utilization regulates cardiomyocyte cell-cycle progression</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, published in Nature Metabolism, we showed that inhibition of the PDK4 enzyme is a key target for developing new regenerative therapies for the heart. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C005B0DE_A12E_B489_41E2_B5882850B670_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">It is essential to continue this research and develop new classes of therapeutics to regenerate organs and tissues in order to improve quality of life for patients affected by heart disease.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C00400DF_A12E_B487_41DC_DAE266A5F16D_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory is currently looking for new classes of pharmaceuticals to inhibit the PDK4 enzyme in order to treat cardiovascular diseases. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">As part of these efforts, we resolved the atomic structure of the PDK4 enzyme linked to an inhibiting molecule.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_54C71B8A_7714_CA54_41DD_C32EEF5E7EEF_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Carnaúba </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Soil is a solid, heterogeneous combination of organic and inorganic compounds immersed in aqueous solutions and amid plant roots. The chemical, physical, and biological processes that take place there on the atomic and molecular levels control the transport and availability of nutrients. For this reason, knowledge in this area on the nanometric scale is essential to attain more efficient and sustainable agricultural production.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Carnaúba beamline</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> can analyze a wide array of nanostructured materials in order to obtain 2D and 3D images with nanometric resolution of the composition and structure of soils, biological materials, and fertilizers, for example, as well as other investigations in the environmental sciences. This is because this is Sirius's longest beamline, at 150 meters long. The longer distance between the X-ray source and the sample makes it possible to produce a beam of synchrotron light with a focus of just 30 nanometers.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The carnaúba palm (Copernicia prunifera) is endemic to Brazil's northeastern region, a symbol of the state of Ceará and popularly known as the tree of life. The name comes from the Tupi word for the tree, karana’iwa. caraná”.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_F0404743_978C_D0BD_41C0_E1390804856A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Carvão Ativado</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Resíduo abundante da indústria sucroalcooleira, o bagaço da cana-de-açúcar é a base para a produção de carvão ativo, destinado para a descontaminação da água e do ar.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">O bagaço passa por um processo controlado de queima e por tratamento químico, que resulta em um carvão com minúsculas porosidades, na ordem de alguns micrometros ou até de nanômetros. O novo material desponta como uma alternativa economicamente viável e com a mesma eficiência, se comparada aos produtos importados já exis-tentes no mercado.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Avançadas tecnologias podem também transformam o bagaço em um novo material funcionalizado com nanopartículas de prata, conferindo a ele propriedades antibacte-rianas, cujas capacidades vêm sendo testadas em nossa plataforma de Nanotoxicologia. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_551AA03F_7714_56AC_41D0_6CF692433323_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cateretê</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Understanding problems related to life sciences and medicine involves the study of living beings on scales that range from proteins and enzymes, active biological molecules and organelles, cells, tissues, and organs up to entire organisms.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cateretê beamline</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is optimized to obtain three-dimensional images with nanometric resolution of different materials ranging in size from a macromolecule measuring tens of nanometers in size up to the tissue measuring several millimeters where it is found. In this way, this beamline makes it possible to investigate the dynamics of biological phenomena on several different scales.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">One of the main features of Cateretê is its coherent X-ray beam, which focuses on a region of approximately 40 micrometers. This beam can be used to obtain 3D images of mammal cells measuring tens of micrometers in a liquid environment similar to where the cells naturally occur, in a non-destructive manner.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Cateretê, or white jacaranda (Machaerium vestitum), is a tree found in the southeast and south of Brazil. Its name also comes from the Tupi language, and a Brazilian dance shares this name.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5B8E2C38_959C_F0CB_4191_D0411DF845D1_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cell culture</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Cell culture techniques are available in a controlled environment using isolated cells (in vitro) to assess cytotoxicity and biological effects of nanomaterials, especially in order to study biochemical and physiological effects of cell response.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The main means of exposure to the materials are generally considered (dermal, oral, inhalation, etc.), and then cell lines related to the biological tissues in these exposure routes are selected for the studies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Assays are also conducted in isolated tissue cells from Danio rerio (zebrafish), such as the ZFL (liver) and ZF4 (embryonic) lines. Biochemical studies are conducted to monitor biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage (genotoxicity). </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FE82752_E995_7D7A_41DF_F256FAB3CAB1_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cerebral Organoid</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Confocal microscope image of a cerebral organoid derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) used to study neurogenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Cells positive for the SOX2 marker, which indicates neuroprogenitor cells with a high capacity for proliferation, are shown in green; MAP2-positive cells, which are mature neurons, are shown in red, and cell nuclei appear in blue.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C9512C55_9F2E_B39B_41AD_05CD9A94EFB3_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Chagas disease</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>7 million cases worldwide</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, 6 million in Latin America, 1.9–4.6 million in Brazil from 2010 to 2019.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">(source: who.org, dndi.org, and gov.br/saude).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C952DC54_9F2E_B399_41C5_2BC2DA3857BA_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Chagas disease</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">CNPEM researchers have tested thousands of chemical compounds on infected cells to identify molecules that can kill the T. cruzi parasite.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Protein crystallization and synchrotron light source techniques can also assist the scientists in this research.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C30AEB0C_A488_FD2B_41D6_AF68347BB278_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Characterization, Functionality, and Stability</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Microfluid systems ("organ on a chip") are platforms that simulate the function of the human body and bloodstream, allowing assessment of oral and dermic absorption of pharmaceuticals. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Testing platform to determine the effects of pharmaceutical compounds on a replica of human skin.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_40855B4B_772D_CAD4_41A6_1759B6C72862_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Chemistry laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In the chemistry laboratory, internal and external users will find safe operating conditions and appropriate inputs to manipulate and prepare samples of the materials that will be analyzed in the beamlines, as well as other chemical products required for their research.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This support lab is intended to centralize the handling of chemicals, facilitating traceability and overall control and ensuring that these activities follow CNPEM's safety standards through training, technical support, and monitoring.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA459FA3_A498_F51D_41CD_A8E672C9D383_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Chikungunya is transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Aedes; its symptoms are acute fever, skin rash, and especially joint pain, accompanied by headache, swollen joints, and conjunctivitis.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The first case was documented in 1952 in Tanzania. In Brazil, there have been cases in the states of Amapá and Bahia since 2014, and records indicate that the Chikungunya virus is circulating throughout the entire country. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There are no medications or vaccines for Chikungunya. The only way to prevent it is to eliminate places where mosquitoes breed, and to use repellents, insecticides, and mosquito netting. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFBB7E0B_5BF4_1921_4162_FCDC199FB461_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Como estudamos o câncer de boca</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Avaliando a iniciação e progressão que ocorrem quando células normais são modificadas pelos fatores de risco.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA9235B3_5B8C_0B61_41B3_85C1778568C8_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Como estudamos o câncer de boca</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Avaliando a iniciação e progressão que ocorrem quando células normais são modificadas pelos fatores de risco.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFBB9E12_5BF4_1923_41A3_0C2C83F62D5E_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Como traduzir a descoberta para a prática clínica?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Por </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>meio das técnicas</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> da imagem. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA9165B8_5B8C_0B6F_41C7_65A2B1B737A1_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Como traduzir a descoberta para a prática clínica?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Por </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>meio das técnicas</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> da imagem. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E2CDA5CB_979C_534D_41DC_2F83976F4689_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Complete structure of the Mayaro virus</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A study using sophisticated cryogenic electron microscopy equipment and advanced molecular biology techniques has revealed the structure of the Mayaro virus, at 4.4-angstrom resolution.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This is the first time in Brazil and Latin America that the complete structure of a virus has been described by a multi- disciplinary team of researchers at CNPEM. The study was published in Nature Communications in 2021.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This virus causes an infectious mosquito-borne illness known as Mayaro fever that involves joint pain and can last for months. It is one of Brazil's neglected endemic diseases; it is difficult to diagnose and its symptoms closely resemble those of Chikungunya virus, which significantly impairs con- trol strategies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">One detail in its structure is the chains of sugars (orange) linked in the E2 protein (green). These sugars face each other in a configuration described as a handshake. Resear- chers believe that these sugars are recognized by the immune system, and can also help the virus organize and become more stable.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AB625E12_5D94_1923_41C9_AC722FB44080_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Confocal laser microscopy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The confocal laser microscopy technique provides topology images with depth selectivity, combining conventional optical and laser microscopy to obtain high-resolution images.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The images are created from the light reflected by the sample. On-board electronics allow the user to define the highest and lowest points (Z axis) in the area of interest and slice the images so that various photos can be acquired from the same region but at different points on the Z axis, which can reach 10 nanometers resolution. Finally, a 3-D reconstruction is made of the target image.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Here are some images produced with a confocal laser microscope.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA91E5BA_5B8C_0B63_41B4_B4DFDFEF9F84_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Contribuições</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Novas descobertas científicas;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Difusão de conhecimento;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Antecipar o diagnóstico e prognóstico pelo profissional da saúde;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Aumentar o tempo e a qualidade de vida do paciente.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFB85E16_5BF4_1923_41D4_4D4C77BC745D_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Contribuições</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Novas descobertas científicas;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Difusão de conhecimento;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Antecipar o diagnóstico e prognóstico pelo profissional da saúde;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Aumentar o tempo e a qualidade de vida do paciente.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3EFBEEDB_A1E7_AC8F_41C3_A0B34EF60BFD_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Contributions</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">New scientific discoveries;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Diffusion of knowledge;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Faster diagnostics and prognostics for health professionals;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Extend patients' lifespans and improve their quality of life.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_322C8779_EBAA_9D36_41BE_748BB87649EB_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Contributions</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">New scientific discoveries;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Dissemination of knowledge;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Anticipate the diagnosis and prognosis by the health professional;</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Increase the patient's time and quality of life.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FEBF751_E995_7D76_41E9_F962226EB996_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Cortical neurons</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Cortical neurons from an animal model marked with mercury and imaged in a UVX ring synchrotron. Using microtomography we can see this cell in situ, in three dimensions and with high resolution. Each color represents a single cell or a group of cells. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_133DD03E_5B43_87BF_41BC_10EBE248C7CA_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Crossing the technological valley of death</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The process of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>developing</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>technology </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">naturally involves several important </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>stages,</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> from scientific research and prototyping up to incorporating the technology into products that will be introduced to markets. These stages do not have a set order, and can be interactive. In the 1970s, NASA proposed a scale involving nine </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Technology Readiness Levels</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (TRL) to assess the maturity level of a specific technology that covers all these stages. Today, the scale is used to measure how ready a technology is for market. The period between the stages involving demonstration and scaling of a new technology (TRL 4–TRL 7) involves high technological risks that require major investments. During this period, many companies abandon their innovation projects, and for this reason this phase is called the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>technological valley of death</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. LNBR/CNPEM conducts R&amp;D at TRLs ranging from 1 to 7, in other words, from development of new technologies in initial stages to expanding them to relevant semi-industrial levels of operations. Partners help new developments successfully emerge from the technological valley of death, validating processes at semi-industrial scales and with licensed technologies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5CA2F4CD_9584_D145_41D3_1F34E3095795_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CytoViva and fluorescence microscopy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The darkfield hyperspectral microscopy technique (CytoViva) is a system for identifying nanoparticles and nanomaterials after interactions with cells and biological tissues of interest.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This technique makes it possible to collect the spectral signature of the materials and use it to identify these nanostructured materials in different matrixes and biological tissues.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The technique can also be used to evaluate morphological changes in the tissues and cells under specific physiological conditions.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The fluorescence microscopy technique is one of the most popular methods to observe and quantify cells, and makes it possible to identify fixed or even living structures (using specific markers with fluorescent probes) of cells like membranes, cytoplasm, nuclei, and organelles.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0A838DD7_5057_DE1B_41D1_5972FEB9A35F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>DNA sequencing</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Next-generation</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> sequencing (NGS) of DNA and RNA molecules is a revolutionary technique that allows us to study microbe communities in soils and plants in a rapid, reproducible manner and yields an enormous quantity of data at a lower cost than conventional sequencing techniques. LNBR/CNPEM uses this cutting-edge equipment to analyze the complete DNA sequence of a single organism </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>(genomics)</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> or of microbial communities </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>(metagenomics)</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. This makes it possible to </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>identify genes</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> and their respective functions, study other relevant genetic elements, and determine what microorganisms comprise the community in question. Additionally, </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>metatranscriptomics analyses</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (of the complete sequence of messenger RNA from microbial communities) provide information about what genes are active (or expressed), the level of gene expression, and how they are influenced by environmental conditions. In this way, NGS can be used to study the molecular foundations of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>microorganisms that are useful</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> for industry or beneficial to plants in more detail, along with all of their action mechanisms. It is makes it possible to analyze the microbial communities responsible for soil </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>emissions of greenhouse gases</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3FB2691B_7D32_758D_4190_9D2417E7BD07_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Decarbonization and circular economy </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The increasing use of natural resources, such as burning fossil fuels, has increased CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, which are one of the causes of global warming and climate change. Climate change represents humanity's greatest global challenge, and global policies have raised strategies to mitigate emissions, called decarbonization, such as encouraging the use of biorenewables. Several products of industrial relevance, such as food, beverages, cosmetics, biofuels and plastics, can be examples of renewable strategies to achieve CO2 emission reduction targets. This is possible with the efficient use of energy and renewable resources, such as biomass and agro-industrial waste. The new economic practice, called circular economy, involves precisely the concept of reducing, reusing and recycling to make decarbonization a reality. The industrial biotechnology practiced at LNBR enables new models of industrial production to generate wealth and jobs while reducing impacts on the environment, contributing to the decarbonization process.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_1C1A595D_011A_0F70_4169_70190169FE2F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Decarbonization and the circular economy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Growing use of natural resources (such as burning fossil fuels) has increased emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere; this is one cause of global warning and climate change. Climate change is a major global challenge for humanity, and for this reason many global policies have proposed strategies to mitigate these emissions in efforts known as </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>decarbonization </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">to encourage the use of biorenewables. Various industrially relevant products like foods, beverages, cosmetics, biofuels, and plastics can be examples of renewable strategies to reach CO2 emissions reduction goals. This is possible with efficient use of energy and renewable resources like biomass and agroindustrial waste. The new economic practice known as the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>circular economy</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> involves precisely this concept of reducing, reusing, and recycling in order to make decarbonization a reality. The industrial biotechnology practiced at LNBR/CNPEM makes new industrial models feasible to generate wealth and jobs while also reducing environmental impacts and contributing to the decarbonization process.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA47CF9C_A498_F52B_41C3_A0C1938EC7A0_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Dengue virus (DENV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes; its most common symptoms are fever, headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, nausea/vomiting, skin rashes, and fatigue. There are four serotypes of the virus that cause disease, and recovery from infection provides lifelong immunity against that serotype. Consecutive infections increase the risk of developing severe dengue.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. The first report of an epidemic dates back to 1779/1780. The virus currently circulates in tropical and subtropical countries, particularly in urban areas. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is no specific medication for infection itself, but the symptoms can be controlled. Mosquito breeding sites can be eliminated to prevent the disease. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E5DD1758_5BB4_172F_41C7_48BB85987558_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Differences between Electron Microscopes: Scanning X Transmission</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Using electronic microscopes, we study the crystallographic structure of materials, as well as their chemical composition, and binding states of their chemical elements, at atomic, nanometric and micrometric levels. Technological advances in recent decades also allow us to observe and analyze, in their natural form, dynamic phenomena with more precision and reproducibility in these tiny dimensions.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">LNNano provides, to national and international scientific communities, access to a wide range of conventional and advanced electronic microscopy techniques, such as scanning and transmission microscopy.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In scanning electronic microscopes, larger samples can be placed inside the equipment. A beam of electrons runs through the material surface, revealing its structure.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Transmission electron microscopes use a different method of operation. The electron beam is generated in the top of the equipment and descends along a vertical column, interacting with a thin slice of the sample. This interaction allows the analysis of specific areas of the material, with resolutions that reach 0.6 angstrom, as is the case with the Titan microscope, present in this room.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5F5918E0_9584_717A_41D1_8771DFA86C2B_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Dispersion Characterization</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Dispersion characterization is a fundamental stage in the study of any type of nanostructure when conducting biological, toxicological, and environmental studies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">For these efforts, equipment is available tocharacterize the dispersions of nanoparticles, nanomaterials, polymers, and biomolecules in liquid mediums, buffers, mineral water, and various culture mediums.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Particle size, superficial electrical charge, formation of biocoronas, and aggregation/agglomeration phenomena in the selected media are commonly evaluated.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2F1BB11E_A13D_9589_41DC_D92CCAD63519_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Drug Discovery at LNBio </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The drug discovery platform at LNBio is comprised of state-of-the-art equipment and teams that complement each other in the process of managing, analyzing, synthesizing, and biologically assessing molecules.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2F1CA11A_A13D_9589_41D0_40F968ED1A2F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Drug discovery at LNBio from Brazil`s biodiversity</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To discover natural products of pharmaceutical interest in samples obtained from Brazilian biodiversity, the CNPEM used an innovative approach. The NP3 approach brings together three orthogonal analysis methods: miniature-scale biological assays, mass-spectrometry metabolomics, and protein crystallography. These are done on a large scale to generate a wide range of data. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Using customized algorithms developed by CNPEM (NP3 algorithms), these data can be processed and mined to obtain highly relevant information for developing new pharmaceuticals: chemical structure of naturally bioactive products, and the target protein site and means of ligation.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2F1C211B_A13D_958F_41C4_11CD033DE9F3_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Drug discovery at LNBio from Brazil’s biodiversity</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The drug discovery platform at LNBio has a significant competitive advantage in Brazil for finding new molecules with the potential for development into innovative pharmaceuticals.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In partnerships with innovative Brazilian companies and academia, unique chemical libraries are being created. The collection of natural products currently contains 6,000 samples from 600 plants in four of Brazil's biomes, as well as dozens of marine bacteria. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This chemical collection contains over 20,000 unique compounds, many of which have not been previously reported. Additionally, the compounds in the collection cover a large chemical range, including the area that is most likely to yield pharmaceuticals for oral use. This new chemical diversity can inspire the development of new innovative pharmaceuticals.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AF8A1E78_5D9F_F9EF_41D0_9D38B6004F4E_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Electromagnetism laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The electromagnetism laboratory is where the planning, construction, and characterization of equipment and devices with specific configurations involving magnetic fields, radiofrequency systems (IR), and accelerator injection systems are carried out.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_158AC9A2_496C_E006_41CB_82BB1A018458_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Electromagnets</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In the electron accelerators, the particles are maintained in stable orbits by a set of dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole electromagnets, which comprise what is known as a magnetic lattice. The magnetic lattice is what determines the quality of the "path" where the electrons travel. The specification of the magnetic lattice is the most important step in planning a synchrotron light source, since this is what determines the characteristics of the electron beam and, in turn, the resulting synchrotron light.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The dipole magnets are mainly responsible for generating the magnetic field responsible for curving the trajectory of the electrons, defining the reference orbit around which the electrons will remain stored. Meanwhile, the quadrupole and sextupole magnets focus and correct the electron beam.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AEBD6111_5D9C_0B21_41D1_DC5D9C7A830A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Electron beam lithography</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The eLINE Plus lithography system utilizes an electron beam with nanometric precision to selectively modify the structure of polymer resins. The beam can create patterns used to fabricate various devices and sensors for the areas of health, energy, and the environment. Besides its nanometric resolution, much more precise alignments are possible, which could permit more complex devices such as integrated circuits, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AEC94510_5D9C_0B20_41CC_F85BAC1ECEA5_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Electronics and Advanced Controls Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Electronics and Advanced Controls Laboratory is the main home of the Instrumentation, Electronics, and Software team, which is responsible for planning, building, testing, maintaining, and integrating hardware and software for automation and control systems, synchronism, beam diagnostics, current and tension sources, data acquisition, supervisor systems, interlocking, information systems for managing equipment, network infrastructure, and high-performance computing.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_554FE751_7714_3AF7_41DC_67046BA26DED_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ema </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">When materials are subjected to extreme temperatures, pressures, or magnetic fields, they can exhibit new properties, for example shifting from a conductor to an insulator, from magnetic to non-magnetic, and vice versa.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ema beamline</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> makes it possible to conduct experiments on materials subjected to extreme conditions. The study of matter under these conditions allows us to investigate new materials with characteristics that do not exist under normal conditions. This is the case with superconductive materials, for instance, which are capable of conducting electrical currents without resistance and have the potential to revolutionize energy transmission and storage.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The temperatures and pressures simulated in this beamline can reach over 8000 degrees Celsius and twice the pressure in the center of the Earth, respectively. These conditions can only be replicated in much smaller environments, and can be revealed using a high-brilliance X-ray beam like the one produced by Sirius.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The ema (Rhea americana) is a flightless bird native to South America, and is considered Brazil's largest bird. The males of the species are responsible for incubating the eggs and caring for the chicks.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_A1F14138_948C_50CB_41E1_0DE3A086463A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Energy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> LNNano's energy program is focused on using nanotechnology tools to develop alternative energy sources using electrochemical processes. The program develops processes to store solar energy through hydrogen (H2) generation, a system that mimics photosynthesis and stores energy using electrochemical processes, mainly with solid lithium ion (Li+) batteries.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To respond to this and other energy-related challenges, our researchers use knowledge from materials science and modern tools for processing and characterizing nanomaterials such as micro- and nanofabrication, ultra-high-resolution electron microscopy, and tomography techniques that are available at Sirius.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_A74D7477_948D_D145_41D7_3E79A38BACD2_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Environment</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">LNNano focuses on research and development of advanced materials that are environmentally friendly, from production through disposal. One of today's major challenges is generating technologies that do not involve chemicals that can harm human health or the environment. In this way, replacing petroleum-derived raw materials with renewable resources and using green production methods have become essential for a more sustainable future.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this context, cellulose derived from biomass is an excellent material for innovation. It is abundant in nature, renewable, nontoxic, and offers countless possibilities for practical uses involving technology that already exists, as well as for developing new technologies. For example, cellulose nanoparticles can be combined with other nanomaterials (like graphene, inorganic particles, or latex), organic molecules, and biopolymers and provide new functionalities for a broad spectrum of applications, like sensors and devices, colloidal stabilizers, adhesives, polymer composites, and materials for environmental remediation.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_1955583D_5B5F_87BD_41C5_404A321D6E52_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Environmental Assessment and Life Cycle Analysis</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sustainability</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is divided into </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>three</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> pillars: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>social, economic</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>environmental</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. For sustainable development, these three pillars should coexist harmoniously. Let's talk about the environmental pillar. Every day we enjoy a variety of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>services</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> offered by </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>ecosystems</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> that provide us with food, water, raw materials, and other consumables and regulate environmental activities (for example, perpetuating the water and carbon cycles). We should monitor our relationships with ecosystems so that they always remain in equilibrium. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Life cycle analysis </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">(LCA) evaluates a product, process, or service's</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> impacts </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">on the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>environment </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">throughout its entire </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>life cycle</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, from raw material through final disposal. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ecosystem analysis</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (EA) adds the specific characteristics of environmental components and their </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>interactions</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> with the biorenewable product to the LCA. Integrating EA and LCA makes it easier to identify opportunities for improvement and avoid local impacts (land use water pollution, increased toxicity in the environment, etc.) as well as global impacts (like global warming and use of nonrenewable energy).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3107ADC9_011E_0750_4168_14956371D8CA_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Enzyme production and purification</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To understand what enzymes do and how they work, it is often necessary to produce them in the laboratory and purify them for functional and structural assays. How is this done at LNBR? Understand in this video!</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_43679E3C_772C_4AAC_41CD_304A3F9267DD_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Extreme Thermodynamic Conditions Laboratory  </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this support laboratory, extreme conditions like high/low temperatures, high pressure, and magnetic fields can be generated so that samples of materials can be analyzed under these special conditions. This is because they may behave in new and different ways under these conditions. For example, the atoms that comprise the material move closer to each other when the material is subjected to higher pressure; this produces a new arrangement for the atoms, which may lead to the formation of new materials or the discovery of new states or unusual phenomena.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this lab, beamline users have the infrastructure necessary to prepare their samples for experiments under different extreme conditions. One of these special devices, which fits in the palm of your hand, is called a diamond anvil cell, and "squeezes" the sample between two diamonds, applying pressure almost as high as the levels found at the core of Planet Earth.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_65F52788_5B43_8942_41D5_CF261FBF7358_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Fermentation Processes I module</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Fermentation Processes I</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> module is utilized to produce enzymes, substances present in all living beings that act like molecular machines and can accelerate biochemical processes that are important for essential cellular functions. Today, the study of enzymes is essential for manufacturing a variety of products like medications, biofuels, plastics, and foodstuffs. A </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>bioreactor</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is used to maintain optimal conditions for the microorganisms to produce the enzymes of interest; it controls pH, temperature, agitation, and aeration. In the bioreactor, the microorganism is added to the nutrients and maintained for a certain time to obtain the product of interest. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>UHT </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">is a continuous system used to sterilize liquid nutrients in order to eliminate any microbial contaminants. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>process tank</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is where various solutions that will be used in the bioprocesses are produced.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_7603DC23_5AC4_FF45_41CB_049C733493EB_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Fermentation Processes II module</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> Fermentation Processes II</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> module has equipment for various fermentation processes. In this step, the biomass has already been transformed into substances that the microorganisms will consume to obtain the desired product. The microorganisms are placed inside the bioreactors, where the transformative process we call fermentation will occur under controlled conditions with nutrients present. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Bioreactors</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> are devices used to provide the best conditions for the microorganisms, permitting researchers to control temperature, pH, agitation, aeration (if necessary), and other variables. Notably, this bioreactor setup makes it possible to apply aerobic and anaerobic processes, as well as different process control strategies and ways of adding nutrients. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>disc centrifuge</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is a device that separates solids from liquids, and is used to separate out yeast after fermentation, for example. The sterile </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>mash tanks</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> are used to store sterile nutrients used in our fermentation processes. The process </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>tanks </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">are where various solutions needed for the processes are prepared.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AEB1589C_5D9C_1927_41CB_E35BF082483C_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Former UVX synchrotron light source (1997-2019) </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In 1987, construction began to build Brazil's first large-scale scientific infrastructure, which was planned to function as a multiuser laboratory open to the scientific community. Between 1987 and 1997, the National Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) developed the technology to build the first synchrotron light source in the Southern Hemisphere, called UVX.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">UVX was a second-generation synchrotron light source with 1.37 GeV of energy, which allowed experiments using various techniques to analyze matter with infrared and ultraviolet radiation and X-rays. On August 2, 2019, the UVX synchrotron light source ceased its activities for researchers as Sirius took over this function, one of the world's first fourth-generation synchrotron light sources to start operations.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_7F678C55_5AC4_7FCD_41D6_0B834F943853_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>From the laboratory to the factory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The LNBR/CNPEM Pilot Plant is a facility focused on developing biotechnological processes. It is comprised of modules that can operate independently. These modules contain equipment that reproduces industrial conditions for the main steps in the biotechnological processes. In this way, the LNBR/CNPEM Pilot Plant is a powerful tool for accelerating industrial applications of scientific discoveries.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_19ABCE8D_5B5C_7B42_41CD_934B271A464F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Georeferencing to support sustainability </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">At LNBR we use </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>georeferencing</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> for </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>sustainable</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> use of natural resources and to assist in</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> decision making</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. Characteristics related to producing a biorenewable may </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>vary depending on location</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, as a result of the climate, availability of raw materials, land, water, biodiversity preservation centers, costs, and greenhouse gas emissions, for example. The information acquired from georeferencing guides technological developments, and helps support decision-making processes related to the transition to a biologically-based economy. The use of this georeferenced information permits sustainable production of biorenewables that minimizes impacts on the environment, optimizes use of natural resources, and promotes social and economic benefits. A practical example can be seen in the distance biomass travels from the fields to the biorefinery, which affects fuel use and, in turn, transport costs and the quantity of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_09395A60_9484_F17B_41D6_79C3C824D1D3_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Green foam in an aquatic environment</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">"Green" foam made from natural materials efficiently absorbs oils and solvents. This material, made from a combination of nanocellulose fibrils and natural rubber latex, demonstrated excellent capacity to absorb various types of oils and organic solvents, which can be very useful in removing contaminants from water. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The foam is not only made of abundant, renewable biomass, but also can absorb up to 50 times its own volume in pollutants, even more viscous ones. Additionally, initial testing showed that the foam was still highly effective even after 20 reuse cycles, and still absorbed quickly (between 1s and 10s).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2A9A7FB1_9583_CFDD_41DA_6BE0FC1C8C3A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Green foam in an aquatic environment</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">"Green" foam made from natural materials efficiently absorbs oils and solvents. This material, made from a combination of nanocellulose fibrils and natural rubber latex, demonstrated excellent capacity to absorb various types of oils and organic solvents, which can be very useful in removing contaminants from water.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The foam is not only made of abundant, renewable biomass, but also can absorb up to 50 times its own volume in pollutants, even more viscous ones. Additionally, initial testing showed that the foam was still highly effective even after 20 reuse cycles, and still absorbed quickly (between 1s and 10s).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_A74CD0B1_948C_51DD_419D_DC2116A89EEF_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Health</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Nanostructured materials, micro- and nanofabricated devices, and computational methods play essential roles in scientific and technological advances in public, animal, and environmental health. In this way, profound understanding of how nanomaterials interact with biological systems (proteins, cells, and microorganisms), as well as of the structures of biomolecules and biomaterials, is fundamental for the discovery of biomarkers, treatments for pathologies, and safety protocols. For this reason, we need to make progress in studying and controlling nano-scale phenomena at the interface with complex biological systems.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LNNano's health program</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is intended to create a distinct environment that is highly favorable for research at the cutting edge of learning, and works in an integrated and multidisciplinary manner on three main fronts: i) sensors and biomonitoring, ii) nanobiointerfaces, and iii) cryogenic electron microscopy. This provides unique opportunities for science, technology, and innovation.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_B013636D_9A7E_0F23_41D0_DBFD7C14D5C8_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Height of graphene sheets</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Graphite is composed of layers of carbon atoms organized into hexagons. Isolating just one of these layers produces graphene.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This is the thinnest nanomaterial that exists, just a single atom thick. Graphene is a promising material due to its conductive properties and mechanical strength.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Using atomic force microscopy, we can measure the height of graphene sheets.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2C6A6B7D_4964_A003_41D0_6C8A5422D344_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>High field dipole</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Synchrotron light is produced when the electrons that circulate in the main accelerator have their trajectory curved by electromagnetic forces. There are some ways to "force" the electron beam to change direction, and in Sirius the components that do this are dipole magnets and ondulators.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The image here shows how dipole magnets work by provoking a single curve in the electrons' trajectory to produce synchrotron light. Although ondulators are the main way of extracting radiation from lights sources, in Sirius some beamlines benefit from the special form of synchrotron light produced by high field dipole magnets.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FE8274F_E995_7D6A_41EC_9917BB305F72_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Hippocampal neuron</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Image obtained from a confocal microscope showing a hippocampal neuron from an animal model (in red) on top of a layer of glial cells (in green). The cell nuclei appear in blue.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3EFB3EE0_A1E7_ACB9_41D7_0D014238F046_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How are discoveries translated into clinical practice?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">By</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> imaging techniques. </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_03511B54_4965_A002_4191_F98D8ACB855F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How do electrons circulate in Sirius?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The band of electrons that circulate in the main Sirius particle accelerator is divided into 864 packets, each with approximately four billion (4,000,000,000) electrons.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The size of these packets of electrons varies according to how they propagate in the accelerator. When they pass though one of the regions where synchrotron light is produced, each packet is 9 micrometers across and 3 micrometers tall. A micrometer is a thousandth of a millimeter; this means that the packets of electrons are up to 50 times finer than a human hair.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3EF88EEB_A1E7_AC8F_41C4_011173BAE2C5_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How do we study mouth cancer?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">By assessing the initiation and progression that occur when normal cells are modified by risk factors.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3EFB7EE7_A1E7_AC87_41CA_5FCEB9E25C30_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How do we study mouth cancer?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">We use </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>mass-spectrometry-based proteomics.</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Proteomics encompasses the analysis of proteins and peptides in order to identify and quantify proteins, as well as to determine their post-translational modifications, location, structure, interactions, activity, and function using mass spectrometry.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_028F0F96_4967_A001_4188_1F0BBAFA1B82_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How fast do the electrons in Sirius move?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In the particle accelerators that comprise Sirius, electrons are accelerated and kept circulating at extremely high speeds. These electrons travel at 99.9999985% of the speed of light, approximately 300,000 kilometers per second.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">At this speed, a trip from the surface of Earth to the Moon (about 400,000 kilometers) would take just over a second. But in Sirius's main electron accelerator, which has a circumference of 518 meters, the electrons make almost 600,000 trips around each second. In a race between one of these electrons and a photon (light particle) from Earth to the Moon, light would win by only 20 billionths of a second.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0426C115_4965_A002_41CD_8F9F90B67AE6_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How many electrons circulate in Sirius?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">When it is fully operational, the main particle accelerator in Sirius maintains a beam of four trillion (4,000,000,000,000) electrons in stable orbits.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This beam forms an electrical current of just 350 mA (milliamperes), only slightly more than the electrical current used by a cell phone charger. But the electrical current in a wire propagates at a speed of a tenth of a millimeter per second, while the electrons in the particle accelerators at Sirius travel in a vacuum very close to the speed of light, nearly 300,000 kilometers per second.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_322E4778_EBAA_9D36_41DA_E76D04DC11F1_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How to translate the discovery into clinical practice?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Through </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>imaging techniques.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_322C9776_EBAA_9D3A_41DD_7A6D2CDA062C_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>How we study oral cancer</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Evaluating the initiation and progression that occur when normal cells are modified by risk factors.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA474F9B_A498_F52D_41D2_0FF4C7AD7185_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ilheus virus (ILHV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Ilheus virus is transmitted by mosquitoes in eight different genera, including Aedes, Culex, and Haemagogus. Infection is characterized by high fever accompanied by headache, chills, muscle and joint pain, and muscle weakness.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The virus was first identified in 1944 in the city of Ilhéus, Bahia. Today it circulates in countries in Central and South America.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is no specific medication for infection itself, but the symptoms can be controlled. Mosquito breeding sites can be eliminated to prevent the disease. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_7B6AD23B_3BA8_12DD_41B4_3C4E9163D6B7_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Image legends</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:13px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Glossary </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Confocal:</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> captures only material positioned on the focal point of the approaching lens </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Hippocampal: </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">related to the hippocampus, a structure located in each lobe of the cerebral cortex in the brain </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Glia: </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Nervous system cells</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Actin: </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A component of the cellular cytoskeleton  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5537255C_7715_FEED_41D6_8D46163A3492_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Imbuia </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Investigations of morphology and chemical composition are essential to understand the physiology of biological systems at various levels, and conducting these studies in systems resembling biological fluids can provide information that represents how these systems function in their natural environments. Analysis of an isolated blood cell, for example, ideally utilize a liquid that reproduces its natural environment (blood), and the results (even from a research environment) are representative for the clinic or for the pharmaceutical industry.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> Imbuia beamline</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is dedicated to experiments using infrared light, which makes it possible to identify functional groups of molecules and analyze the composition of nearly any material, with nanometric resolution. This feature allows cutting-edge research on new synthetic materials as well as understanding of natural materials like biological samples.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Imbuia is the common name for Ocotea porosa, a tree species that is emblematic of the Araucaria forests in southern Brazil. Although it was abundant in the past, the imbuia is now endangered due to predatory logging.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C9522C51_9F2E_B39B_419A_EB8FF3C973E7_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>In 2020, CNPEM researchers revealed the 3D structure of the Mayaro virus in groundbreaking*</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Arboviruses are viruses transmitted by mosquitoes and other arthropods. Some examples are the Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses. Arboviruses are for the most part neglected diseases, which means that the problem results from lack of knowledge and public policies for control and monitoring and the unpredictable nature of the resulting outbreaks and epidemics. Notably, there are no treatments or vaccines against most of the neglected arboviruses.</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> For this reason, researchers at LNBio are dedicated to expanding knowledge about emerging arboviruses in order to develop treatments.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>* The resulting article was published in Nature Communications in 2021:“Cryo-EM structure of the mature and infective Mayaro virus at 4.4 Å resolution reveals features of arthritogenic alphaviruses.”</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_42A5131F_772C_7A6B_41CD_42747FBE6E6A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>In situ growth laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This laboratory offers users advanced tools for materials to grow as fine films. The materials are formed by depositing one or more layers of atoms on a substrate in order to understand, modify, and control their optical, chemical, electronic, and other properties. These materials can be used in various electronic devices, hard disk media, and batteries, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Here fine films are produced with thickness control at the atomic level, and in a highly pure form without contamination by other materials, ranging from a single layer of atoms to thousands of layers. The support lab also makes it possible to transport these fine films to some beamlines in an ultra-high vacuum environment, which is essential to study the surface of these samples.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C9530C56_9F2E_B399_41DA_E1962018753F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Infectious Diseases</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">LNBio is a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>reference in the area of structural biology,</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> and brings together highly qualified groups to study infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Research on protozoa like Trypanosoma cruzi(which transmits Chagas disease), bacteria (Gram-negative, for example), and arboviruses (like the Mayaro virus) yields data that help advance the search for medications and cures for diseases that affect a large portion of the Brazilian population.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_30828D49_7714_CED7_41C8_0ED06B97E581_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Infrastructure and data processing</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">So that human intelligence and creativity can be exerted to its greatest extent in scientific investigation, the large volumes of data obtained from the beamlines must be handled in a fast, flexible, and user-friendly manner. At Sirius, users have access to cutting-edge infrastructure to transfer, store, and process these data called TEPUI (Throughput Enhanced Processing Unit).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">TEPUI is comprised of supercomputers named after important women like Enedina Alves Marques, Tarsila do Amaral, and Rosalind Franklin. These computers contain hundreds of CPUs and thousands of GB of RAM. Also notable are their A100 video cards, the most powerful available at this time, with 40 GB of memory per card. They are used to execute the algorithms that require high parallel processing power, and can process the most complex data in a matter of seconds.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The system has 2,000 TB of data storage capacity, while data transfer can occur at 400,000 megabits per second, over a thousand times the storage capacity of personal computers and domestic internet speeds.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FE99754_E995_7D7E_41EA_0914E6352BA9_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Intestine</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Confocal microscope image showing a section of intestine from an animal model. In red we can see the highly fluorescent actin cytoskeleton, especially in the region facing into the organ due to the large concentrations of actin in the microvilli. In green we can see cell bodies and nerve endings of the enteric nervous system, and the cell nuclei in blue. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6383A8EF_772C_D7AC_41C5_80F8CDED35F8_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ipê</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">When atoms join together to form solid and liquid materials, the interaction between their electrons can cause properties that are very different from the individual characteristics of each comprising element, defining how these materials transport heat, electricity, magnetism, sound, light, etc. Precisely understanding these interactions assists in the development of new technologies for information storage and transport and for electronics with high energy efficiency, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ipê beamline</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> will be dedicated to studying the distribution of electrons in atoms and molecules present in liquid, solid, and gas interfaces, and how this affects the properties of materials. Ipê will make it possible to explore how chemical bonds occur at the interfaces of materials like catalysts, electrochemical cells, and materials subject to corrosion, as well as how electrical currents propagate in different materials from insulation to superconductors.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Ipê is the common name for a variety of tree species in the genus Handroanthus. Along with Brazilwood, it is one of the trees emblematic of Brazil. In the Tupi language, ipê means "tree with thick bark."</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA587FA2_A498_F51F_41D2_D57CCA597714_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Japanese encephalitis is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Culex. Most cases are asymptomatic, or involve mild symptoms such as fever and headache, but some patients may develop more severe cases of the disease, with high fever, stiff neck, disorientation, coma, convulsions, and spastic paralysis, leading to death or neurological aftereffects. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The first case was reported in 1871 in Japan. Today the virus is endemic in Asian countries.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A vaccine is available for this disease, but treating the infection focuses on relieving the symptoms, since there are no antivirals available.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C30AFB10_A488_FD3B_41C6_4C43D8325F42_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LC3D 3D Culture Laboratory </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The laboratory develops production protocols and is also a central lab for RENAMA (the Brazilian National Network on Alternative Methods), which works to develop methodologies that offer alternatives to the use of animals, as well as to train staff to use these technologies. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C30B7B11_A488_FD3D_41D1_3E3C4CE3C4A3_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LC3D 3D Culture Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The 3D culture models can also be used in microphysiological systems (also known as "organs on a chip") to simulate situations that are more physiologically similar to organisms. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C3093B14_A488_FD3B_41B7_00A0EB7BD2AC_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LC3D 3D Culture Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The main objective of the 3D Culture Laboratory is to construct three-dimensional cell models of different types of tissue such as skin, liver, and intestine for use in various applications.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C308AB13_A488_FD3D_41D6_4A346CB6C418_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LC3D 3D Culture Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">These methodologies have been used to study pharmaceuticals as well as to assess toxicity, which involves systems closer to those in humans, avoiding excessive and unnecessary use of animals for experimentation. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C30A0B0E_A488_FD27_41CE_DFBFAF8F44A5_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LC3D Culture Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This is the starting point for our challenge, following a system for development and analysis.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_89C04A12_9F2E_9799_41D1_32C2050D13CE_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LEC – The Spectrometryand CalorimetryLaboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This laboratory is equipped with nine devices for pro-tein quality measurements and characterization, as well as measurements of the interactions between various biomolecules. For protein characterization, the team can measure the quantification, aggrega-tion, structural stability of secondary and tertiary structures, oligomerization, sample homogeneity, knotting, and precipitation of samples. To evaluate aggregation, the team can measure enzymatic activi-ty, the kinetics of reaction, interactions, and connec-tions between macromolecules, as well as thermody-namic analyses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C9525C53_9F2E_B39F_4153_0D334719C810_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LNBio researchers have disease-causing bacteria in their sights.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In recent decades, the world has seen a dramatic increase in bacteria that are harmful to humans and resistant to one or more antibiotics. In response to alarming levels of antibiotic-resistant infections, the World Health Organization published a list of priority pathogens that urgently need new antibiotics.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Finding innovative strategies to stop antibiotic resistance presents a major global challenge for the life science community and a concern for public health. CNPEM researchers investigating the structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by analyzing a specific enzyme present in both uncovered the molecular mechanism that makes Gram-negative bacteria so resistant to some antibiotics. These results may permit modifications to molecules that could be useful in fighting these microorganisms that are so difficult to defeat.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_89CE2A1C_9F2E_9789_41A4_860A8AA558CB_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>LNBio's open facilities</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">LNBio currently runs four laboratories or open facilities that serve users from academia and industry. These facilities provide the scientific and industrial communities cutting-edge infrastructure and tools that permit complex experiments and multidisciplinary research in many areas of life science, including structural biology, proteomics, metabolomics, drug prospecting, and bioimaging. The open laboratories also provide support for technological discoveries, adding quality and competitiveness to the science produced in Brazil. Proposals are received throughout each year via the LNBio site and the CNPEM's social media channels to utilize the facilities on certain dates.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AE8861F5_5D9C_0AE1_41C3_1CD78AFEE1A4_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Laboratory for Mechanical Metrology, Modeling, and Design </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In the Laboratory for Mechanical Metrology, Modeling, and Design, services are carried out and equipment and products are developed with a focus on mechanics and metrology, from project planning to fabrication and quality assurance, using in-house infrastructure or outside suppliers.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_1663C5A5_50C9_2E3F_41D2_3B4203941584_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Macromolecule Characterization</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To better understand enzymes, we need to study their form (structure) as well as their function (enzymatic reaction). This room contains the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Macromolecule Characterization</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> Facility that helps us in these tasks. We use a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>dynamic light scattering technique</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to obtain the size (radius) of the enzymes as well as to discover if they are pure and uncontaminated. Another technique called </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>fluorimetry</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> allows us to determine how some factors (like pH, temperature, and additives) affect the structure of the enzyme. Meanwhile, </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>circular dichroism</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is used to determine how resistant the enzyme structure is. Using </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>spectrophotometry</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, we can measure the speed of the reactions catalyzed by the enzymes under different conditions, such as pH, temperature, and the presence of ions. This allows us to determine which compounds the enzymes can break, and under what conditions the enzymes reach their maximum velocity. Finally, we utilize </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>capillary electrophoresis</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to study how carbohydrates are broken apart by enzymes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6267F73E_772F_DAAD_41A9_E9E88DFF933B_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Manacá</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">When a molecule is identified as a therapeutic target, investigation of its three-dimensional structure (in other words, the position of each atom comprising it) makes it possible to understand how it works in the body and how it interacts with pharmaceutical candidates. This can help make the search for new medications more efficient.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Manacá beamline </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">uses a technique called macromolecule crystallography to study the structure of enzymes and proteins from humans and pathogens with micrometric and submicrometric resolution, and can guide development of new potential pharmaceuticals or help understand how known pharmaceuticals work in order to boost their effectiveness. Information about protein structure is important not only for healthcare, but also to develop biofuels, agricultural defenses, foodstuffs, and cosmetics.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Manacá-de-cheiro (Brunfelsia uniflora) is a tree in the Solanaceae family found in Brazil's Atlantic Forest biome. It is always surrounded by a butterfly known as the themisto amberwing (Methona themisto), whose larvae feed exclusively on the leaves of this plant.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_89C0DA15_9F2E_979B_41D9_A049D71669FB_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mass Spectrometry </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this laboratory users receive technical support in operating the mass spectrometers and analyzing the data, as well as training in the area of mass spectro-metry/proteomics. Three mass spectrometers cou-pled with liquid chromatography systems routinely analyze large-scale complex proteomes in order to discover biomarker candidates and drug targets, identify binding partners and post-translational mo-difications, and analyze cross-linked complexes to map protein interaction, along with quantitative pro-teomic approaches.The research focuses on developing mass spectro-metry-based proteomics in complex biological sys-tems in order to expand biological understanding at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA462FA4_A498_F51B_41A1_BA2DF478718E_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mayaro virus (MAYV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Mayaro is a mosquito-borne virus that causes acute fever and arthritis that can persist for months.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. It has been circulating in Brazil since 1955. It was initially reported only in the Amazon region, but as deforestation has advanced it has expanded to other regions of the coun-try, and today cases are being identified in the center-west and southeast. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment? </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is no specific antiviral treatment for this disease, only general treatments to relieve the symptoms. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Existe tratamento? </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Não existe tratamento antiviral específico para essa doença, apenas tratamentos gerais para alívio dos sintomas. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AEB7F5E1_5D9C_0AE0_41CF_64FBA2CA7FD5_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mechanical and Optical Metrology Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Metrology Laboratory contains equipment to characterize precision instrumentation components for Sirius, and also for the measurements needed during installation and maintenance of the new light source's research stations.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Considering that the ultra-stability of its optical and optical/mechanical components requires nano-scale precision, environments are necessary where vibration, temperature, humidity, and particulates are controlled. The temperature in the overall assembly area is stable with a variation of only ±0.5°C, and varies only ±0.1°C within the Mechanical and Optical Metrology Laboratory itself.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3588190A_5049_27F5_41BD_1E6D1CD3818E_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Metabolomics analysis</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this room are the gas and liquid chromatography equipment coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS and LC/MS). They make it possible to identify and quantify small molecules on a large scale, such as sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids, which can be substrates, intermediate compounds, and products of the metabolism of a microorganism, called metabolites. This analysis, known as Metabolomics, directly reflects the biochemical activity of a microorganism at a given moment, and under defined conditions. In the research area dedicated to biotechnology for agriculture, for example, metabolomics is used to analyze volatile organic compounds emitted by microorganisms that can promote plant growth and even inhibit phytopathogens. Thus, one of the major research challenges in this area is to identify and quantify which metabolites are beneficial to agricultural crops, in order to further investigate their mechanisms of action and metabolic routes. Through this knowledge it is possible to create a solid basis for the development of new bioinoculants and promote a more sustainable agriculture.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2F2F2F87_9584_CFC6_41DB_106DD29BCE5A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Micro and nanofabrication</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Micro and Nanofabrication Division of LNNano offers an open multi-user infrastructure for research and development on devices for a wide variety of applications, and was created to support the scientific and industrial communities. The process includes cleaning and corrosion stages, photo - and nanolithography, direct writing, depositing fine films, 3D printing, and a complete platform for fabricating microfluidic devices.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">All the facilities can be accessed by reservation, and have a team that is highly trained in the techniques available to offer support and guidance throughout all steps of the processes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This division also has an equipment development park dedicated to electrical and topological characterization, as well as equipment for preparing samples.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5FFBA0FB_958D_B14D_41E2_4E29C24B3FDD_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Microfluidic sensor to detect breast cancer</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This portable method is based on a new microdevice, and smartphone could make it cheaper and faster to diagnose breast cancer. A study at CNPEM with support from UFSCar and the Barretos Cancer Hospital developed a portable testing kit that is portable, easy and affordable to use, and can provide results with the same confidence as expensive, large, high-tech equipment.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The microdevice is a sensor that uses microfluidic (fluids in tiny channels measuring 10–6 micrometers) and electrochemical (interaction between the sample and an electrode in the presence of electricity) elements to determine concentrations of the CA 15-3 protein, a known biomarker for breast cancer. In other words, the presence of this type of cancer causes a significant increase in the quantity of CA 15-3 in the blood; this quantity increases as the disease advances. In this way, analyzing CA 15-3 concentrations makes it possible not only to diagnose the presence or absence of breast cancer, but also can determine its stage of evolution.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Additionally, the microdevice does not require its own space or sophisticated machinery, which allows it to be produced on a large scale. All these characteristics make this new method a candidate for routine use in hospitals and healthcare networks.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA9155BF_5B8C_0B61_41D6_13CEC84E4FEC_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mirrors and lenses</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This equipment geometrically shapes the synchrotron light for the conditions required in the experiment, for example, focusing or unfocusing the beam.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_964CC1E2_A488_0D1F_41E4_74A34A478FC6_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Model Organisms Laboratory (LOM)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">At LOM/LNBio, we use genome editing technologies to study the molecular mechanisms of human diseases or to validate new molecules in animal models. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">We utilize classic transgenic approaches as well as modern CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_63CFE803_772C_365B_41DA_0658F2420CD9_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mogno </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Brazil is a pioneer in deep-water petroleum exploration. But a large amount of this fuel is stored in the porous spaces in carbonate rocks, particularly in the pre-salt layer. These rocks are very heterogeneous and have complex pore systems that require further study to make oil and gas exploration more efficient.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mogno beamline</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is dedicated to obtaining three-dimensional tomographic images with micrometric and nanometric resolution. The internal structures of various materials can be studied noninvasively at different spatial scales that vary from hundreds of nanometers to dozens of micrometers. In this way, besides the passage of fluids through the pores in rocks in the pre-salt layer, the Mogno beamline also allows study of other materials like soils, fossils, products from chemical reactions, and biological samples.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Mogno is the Portuguese word for mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), which is native to the Amazon region. The tree produces reddish-brown wood that is highly valued, and for this reason only remains in regions that are difficult to access and protected areas.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_37563999_5079_6617_418B_97048CDFE6C5_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Molecular biology techniques</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Using molecular biology techniques, scientists from LNBR/CNPEM access microbial DNA and RNA and thus identify different species of microorganisms, and their functions in the environment. DNA or RNA is initially extracted from cells, whether from a single isolated microorganism or microbial communities directly from environmental samples, such as soil. In the study of specific genes, DNA integrity is assessed using the electrophoresis technique, where an electric current moves DNA molecules to separate them by size in an agarose gel. Then, gene regions are amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a thermocycler,  analyzed in a sequencer. Once with the DNA sequence,  it is possible, for example, to precisely identify the species of the isolated microorganism. These steps are  fundamental techniques of molecular biology, essential for studying microorganisms and microbial communities. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Other techniques, such as metagenomics (study of genomes), and metatranscriptomics (study of gene expression through RNA), are widely used to study genetic material, recovered directly from the environment.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFB8BE1A_5BF4_1923_41CE_EBBA50B1A605_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Monochromator</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This device filters the synchrotron light and lets only the frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum that will be used in the experiment pass. The monochromator is similar to a prism that breaks visible light into different colors.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E9634DFE_9784_5347_41CB_859EA8DBA706_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Monoclonal Antibody Production</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Antibodies</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> are proteins in the blood produced by B lymphocytes that selectively bind to specific targets and mediate immune responses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">An </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>antibody </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">can be divided into two regions: a variable portion called Fab (fragment antigen-binding) that binds to a specific target, and another portion called Fc (fragment crystallizable) that is related to the response to the organism or infectious agent.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E9655DFD_9784_5345_41DE_99210B9849A1_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Monoclonal Antibody Production</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Besides playing an important role in immunity against disease-causing agents, antibodies can also be used in other clinical applications such as cancer therapies. They can be used to create antibodies that directly recognize and eliminate tumor cells, or even antibodies that block immunosuppressive signals that protect tumor cells from the body's immune system.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E9653DFB_9784_534D_41A3_086B7D5F8891_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Monoclonal Antibody Production</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The process involves five steps:</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>1. Protein analysis</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The structure of the antibody is analyzed to confirm its amino acid and DNA sequences.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>2. Manipulation in the lab</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The antibody's coding sequences are cloned in an expression vector.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>3. Clone screening and insertion into vectors</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The vectors are inserted into cells which are selected, expanded, and characterized to establish antibody-producing lineages.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E962BDFA_9784_534F_41DD_39735F32B117_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Monoclonal Antibody Production</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The process involves five steps:</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>4. Antibody collection and protein purification</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">After collection, the antibody preparations are purified in chromatography columns.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>5. Antibody characterization</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Sequencing assays are conducted to determine primary structure, and biophysical assays to measure affinity and determine secondary structure, aggregate formation, etc.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Completed antibodies</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The cell lineages that were created and characterized in the lab can be used by industry to establish master cell banks</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">dedicated to producing antibodies for therapeutic uses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E962CDFC_9784_534B_419A_CF8D32605FA4_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Monoclonal Antibody Production</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Therapeutic antibodies can be produced from hybridomas created by fusing lymphocytes with tumor cells, or even from genetically modified cell lines. These antibodies produced from well-defined and characterized clonal lineages are known as </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>monoclonal antibodies</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, which only recognize a single epitope, the defined target they were selected for.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">At the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>CNPEM's Biosciences National Laboratory</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, we are developing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (biosimilars) for cancer treatment in genetically modified cell cultures.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C30A7B0D_A488_FD25_41E2_93442132E828_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Morphological description</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Morphological description of 3D cultures can be done using optical and confocal microscopy and light synchrotron microtomography, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Next, evaluation of the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>molecular signature </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">compares organoids and spheroids from 2D cell cultures with cells from living organisms.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_3EF8DEEF_A1E7_AC87_41A1_42115284A60A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Mouth cancer</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth is a cancer that originates in the epithelial cells of the mouth and can affect various areas within the oral cavity.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_89C10A0E_9F2E_9789_41E3_521D6754564C_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>NMR – NuclearMagnetic Resonance</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This multiuser facility at LNBio focuses on assessing various diseases, correlating structure and protein activity and their interactions with small molecules (pharmaceuticals and drugs) or macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and carbohydrates), revealing modifica-tions in metabolic profiles and potential alterations in metabolic pathways and determining the structural configurations of small molecules resulting from na-tural or synthetic processes. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_AE864BCE_5D9C_3F23_41C1_640AD27741DA_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Nanodevice for detecting dopamine</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A transistor platform developed at LNNano was found to be extremely sensitive to dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Organic transistors to detect substances in liquids have been consistently explored by scientists. Organic transistors are electronic devices made up of three electrical contacts, two of which are covered with an organic film.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_A6445513_9484_F0DD_41DC_8B79D709A559_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Nanotechnology</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>National Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>(LNNano)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The research programs at the Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) center around meeting the needs of society in the areas of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>energy, health, and the environment.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">makes it a fundamental tool for</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> technological innovation</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> focusing on these key areas for development.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0D999DD2_A13D_AC99_41E1_2F28EF899B9E_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Natural products</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:8px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">By definition, </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>natural products (NPs)</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> are molecules produced by plants, fungi, microorganisms, or even animals. The wood processing industry (pulp and paper production), for example, offers various raw materials. NPs also are an important source for pharmaceutical development, since approximately 60% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from or at least inspired by natural products.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The synthetic molecules used by chemists instead of natural ones as starting molecules in chemical synthesis processes come from petrochemicals, in other words, from processing petroleum as a raw material.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FE89750_E995_7D76_41C1_FCEE006DA195_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Neuroenteroendocrine cell</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Confocal microscope image showing a rat neuroenteroendocrine cell with the actin cytoskeleton in green, and the nucleus (blue), which contains spots marked in yellow. These small spots are α-synuclein protein aggregates, which are responsible for most genetic and sporadically appearing cases of Parkinson's disease. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2F1C511C_A13D_9589_41D5_8041DE68A70C_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Next steps in discovering new drugs</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The hit molecules rarely exhibit the potency or properties desired for a new drug. For this reason, they need to be improved via chemical modification in a process called Hit2Lead. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Hit2Lead stage involves planning and synthesizing molecules, followed by testing in biological assays. The molecule improvement cycles are repeated until a molecule with the desired potency and pharmaceutical properties is obtained; this molecule is called a lead.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">When its efficacy and safety is proven in animal models, the lead then becomes a “candidate”, which is a prototype for a new pharmaceutical.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_39348AAA_489F_E001_412E_D3D0C0E932E0_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Ondulator</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Synchrotron light is produced when the electrons that circulate in the accelerator have their trajectory curved by electromagnetic forces. There are some ways to "force" the electron beam to change direction, and in Sirius the components that do this are dipole magnets and ondulators. This image illustrates the function of an ondulator, the main way synchrotron light is obtained within Sirius.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">While dipole magnets cause a single curve in the trajectory of the electrons, ondulators cause oscillations, or multiple curves in the trajectory of the electron beam. These oscillations are generated when the electrons pass by a series of alternating magnetic poles. Each of these oscillations causes emission of synchrotron light, and consequently the intensity of light produced by the ondulators is much greater than that produced by the dipole magnets.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_322C0775_EBAA_9D3E_41B1_B5C328C53AAA_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Oral cancer proteomics</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the mouth is a cancer that originates in the epithelial cells of the mouth and can reach different areas of the oral cavity.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_322C9774_EBAA_9D3E_41C9_DBD3389103C2_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Oral cancer proteomics</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The oral cancer proteomics group aims to identify and quantify proteins to understand the relationship between protein abundance and the onset and progression of oral tumors.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of malignant head and neck tumor. The disease has about 300,000 new cases diagnosed per year worldwide and the survival rate is very low.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The search for initiation and progression markers as well as therapeutic targets is challenging, since responses to conventional treatments are not effective for all patients, resulting in treatments that are often mutilating and high rates of recurrence.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3223F775_EBAA_9D3E_41CD_42707CAD40C9_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Oral cancer proteomics</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">We studied oral cancer mainly using the technique of proteomics based on mass spectrometry.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There are efforts for the knowledge generated by the proteomics technique to be translated into clinical practice through the quantification of diagnostic and prognostic markers by directed proteomics, assays based on antibodies and biosensors, as well as by modulation of target proteins involved in the initiation and/or tumor progression.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The identification of molecular signatures is essential for oncologists to be able to overcome the limitations of clinical exams and have safe parameters to establish more personalized and efficient treatment strategies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Finally, the studies aim to increase the time and quality of life of patients.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_45B7990F_A488_1D24_41E1_F1D2AFE92F62_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Oropouche Orthobunyavirus (OROV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Oropouche Orthobunyavirus is transmitted by Culicoides paraenses mosquitoes. Infection is characterized by swift onset of symptoms, generally fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, chills, and sometimes nausea. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Oropouche virus was first isolated in 1955 in Trinidad and Tobago, in the Caribbean. Since that time, this virus has become a threat to public health in tropical and subtropical areas of Central and South America. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is no specific treatment for this disease.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_19B27FA8_5B5C_9942_41AC_F7B7235BD92A_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Partnerships for a sustainable world!</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In order for the biotechnologies applied at LNBR/CNPEM to transform into products that are part of everyone's daily lives, partnerships must be made with the companies that will product them, generating jobs and wealth for Brazil. Sustainable economic development requires us to face scientific and technological challenges, and combining our efforts can help us accelerate this process of transformation.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Besides scientific, technical, and administrative training, CNPEM is accredited by the EMBRAPII Biotechnology Unit and has access to EMBRAPII's funding to stimulate innovation projects.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3E6FCD73_017A_0730_4161_82CEA7670E88_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Plant Cultivation</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In order to develop beneficial microorganisms that can be used as biofertilizers and agricultural biodefensives, we need an infrastructure for plant cultivation and selection of microorganisms. Watch the video and understand how the growth of plants associated with certain bacteria is beneficial for the development of biomass and get to know our plant cultivation room. Thus, we can demystify the idea that all microorganisms are harmful, because in fact, for biotechnology, many of them are valuable allies.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFBBAE0F_5BF4_1921_41D6_7E43099E74FF_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Por qual técnica estudamos o câncer de boca?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Por </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>proteômica baseada em espectrometria de massas</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Proteômica compreende a análise de proteínas e peptídeos visando a identificação e quantificação de proteínas, como também a determinação de modificações pós-traducionais, localização, estrutura, interação, atividade e função das mesmas por meio da espectrometria de massas. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA9275B5_5B8C_0B61_41A6_E4D1EBB7C5CA_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Por qual técnica estudamos o câncer de boca?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Por </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>proteômica baseada em espectrometria de massas</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Proteômica compreende a análise de proteínas e peptídeos visando a identificação e quantificação de proteínas, como também a determinação de modificações pós-traducionais, localização, estrutura, interação, atividade e função das mesmas por meio da espectrometria de massas. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_67A30FF2_5AC3_98C7_41CC_A1E710B0F10B_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Pre-treatment module </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>pre-treatment</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> module makes it possible to study the breakdown of biomass in different equipment and under different process conditions. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>continuous pre-treatment and batch pre-treatment reactors </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">can be likened to a pressure cooker. Inside them, the biomass transforms physically and chemically due to the temperature and the chemical products that are added (such as water, acids, and bases). The biomass used is generally agricultural waste that is transformed into raw material to produce various molecules of economic interest (for fuels, resin, building blocks). The pre-treatment reactors allow different operating configurations (hydrothermic, diluted acid, alkaline, organic solvents) that can be selected according to how the final material will be used.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_2F1BC11D_A13D_958B_41E0_55D611EF883E_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Process of discovering new drugs</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The platform works in a modular process that begins with biological assays that can predict clinical efficacy and extends to prototypes of new molecules for pharmaceutical applications. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Hit molecules are compounds that have a specific effect on a target, for example inhibiting or activating a certain enzyme, inhibiting growth in certain types of cells (cancer, parasite, bacteria) or virus replication. They are found after target compound screening campaigns that are applied to large-scale chemical libraries.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_65DDE3BF_5B43_88BD_41CD_540678FF1795_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Product Recovery and Purification I module</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Product Recovery and Purification I module </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">has the infrastructure required for the processes of separating, concentrating, and purifying biotechnological products, including </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>disc centrifuges</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> with </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>nozzles and intermittent discharge</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> and a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>closed bowl with automatic discharge</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. Disc centrifuges are used to separate yeast and precipitated material, clarifying the mash and separating out immiscible material. The module also has a</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> tubular centrifuge</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, which reaches high rotation speeds and is used to separate microorganisms, cell fragments, precipitated materials, clarify the mash, and recover particles. The high pressure </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>homogenizer </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">is used to break apart the cells and obtain the products found within. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Microfiltration and ultrafiltration</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> provide a tangential filtration system used to separate microorganisms and for concentration, diafiltration, and purification of proteins.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_62A9054D_5AC3_89DD_41B6_62EF07E994EE_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Product Recovery and Purification Module II</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Product Recovery and Purification Module II</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> has a scraped-surface evaporator and a basket centrifuge. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>evaporator</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is a thermic separation device that uses the different volatilities of the components of a mixture; one component is shifted from its liquid state to its gaseous state and separated into two fractions (liquid and gas). The evaporator is used to concentrate sugar-rich liquor, for example, which is obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of vegetative biomass. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>basket centrifuge</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> has a filter element that retains particles that are larger than the pores of its filters (the basket) while smaller particles pass through. The basket centrifuge is used to separate and wash biomass after the pre-treatment step, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FEB7753_E995_7D7A_41D9_9C894FE605B6_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Proliferative region of a cerebral organoid</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Magnified image of a proliferative region in a cerebral organoid derived from human iPSCs. The cells shown in green are organized into a structure known as a rosette and exhibit significant proliferation. All the cell nuclei are shown in blue. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_89CF1A18_9F2E_9789_41CF_09B8632691D5_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Protein Crystallization</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The ROBOLAB is the best equipped high-performan-ce laboratory for crystallization of macromolecules and their complexes that is open to Latin America's scientific community. Its mission is to provide state-o-f-the-art technologies and equipment for crystallizing macromolecules, increasing the chances of success-fully obtaining crystals.The laboratory covers all the steps involved in protein crystallization, including (i) preparation of the crys-tallization solutions, (ii) setup of sitting-drop vapor diffusion experiments, and (iii) automatic image cap-ture with remote access and data storage that uses an UV system to detect only protein crystals.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_01E98B2F_A488_7D65_41D8_064E14BDC108_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Protein Crystals Gallery</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Protein crystallization is a process that requires specific conditions that favour the orderly arrangement of molecules. When submitting crystals to X-ray diffraction, they generate information about the three-dimensions structure of the protein, identifying the exact position of each of its atoms and their interactions. With the atomic structure, it is possible to understand the biological function of proteins in the body, study their interaction with potential drugs and other molecules, also to favour the design of small chemical compounds that model their activities. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Different types of proteins require diverse processes to obtain crystals, and the larger they are, the easier they are to be visualized.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Smaller crystals are difficult to analyze with small-ray, low-resolution X-ray streams. Sirius has potent light fluxes with small rays, overcoming the challenge of obtaining good-resolution images, even with the tiniest crystallized structures. This resolution is of paramount importance in detecting crystal misalignments, indicative of specific reactions and mutations that can be the answers to many questions about diseases, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFBB1E07_5BF4_1921_41B5_3B382EEF4484_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Proteômica do Câncer de Boca</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) de boca é um câncer que se origina nas células epiteliais da boca e pode atingir diversas áreas da cavidade oral.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA93B5B1_5B8C_0B61_41D2_584A319DF84F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Proteômica do Câncer de Boca</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) de boca é um câncer que se origina nas células epiteliais da boca e pode atingir diversas áreas da cavidade oral.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_CFB83E04_5BF4_1927_41D0_AF5C9CB80FA0_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Proteômica do câncer de boca</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Estudamos o câncer de boca utilizando principalmente a técnica de proteômica baseada em espectrometria de massas.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Há esforços para que o conhecimento gerado pela técnica de proteômica seja traduzido para a prática clínica por meio da quantificação de marcadores de diagnóstico e prognóstico por proteômica dirigida, ensaios baseados em anticorpos e biossensores, como também, por modulação de proteínas-alvos envolvidas na iniciação e/ou progressão do tumor.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A identificação de assinaturas moleculares é fundamental para que oncologistas consigam superar as limitações dos exames clínicos e tenham parâmetros seguros para estabelecer estratégias de tratamento mais personalizadas e eficientes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Finalmente, os estudos visam aumentar do tempo e da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_EA9325AE_5B8C_0B63_41D1_1F367FAA7976_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Proteômica do câncer de boca</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Estudamos o câncer de boca utilizando principalmente a técnica de proteômica baseada em espectrometria de massas.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Há esforços para que o conhecimento gerado pela técnica de proteômica seja traduzido para a prática clínica por meio da quantificação de marcadores de diagnóstico e prognóstico por proteômica dirigida, ensaios baseados em anticorpos e biossensores, como também, por modulação de proteínas-alvos envolvidas na iniciação e/ou progressão do tumor.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A identificação de assinaturas moleculares é fundamental para que oncologistas consigam superar as limitações dos exames clínicos e tenham parâmetros seguros para estabelecer estratégias de tratamento mais personalizadas e eficientes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Finalmente, os estudos visam aumentar do tempo e da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_23B0C37B_489F_E006_41B3_E23A4E0294D6_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Radiofrequency cavity</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This equipment is responsible for accelerating the electrons that circulate in the round accelerators. These structures confine electromagnetic fields oscillating in the microwave band, and for this reason are called radiofrequency cavities. When it crosses the cavity at the right moment during the oscillation of the electric field (like a push on a swing at the right moment), the electron beam is accelerated and gains energy.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In the booster, the radiofrequency cavity is responsible for increasing the energy of the electron beam produced in the linear accelerator until it reaches the operating energy level for the storage ring. Meanwhile, in the storage ring the radiofrequency chamber replaces the energy lost by the electron beam during propagation in the accelerator, and mainly results from the emission of synchrotron light.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_19582283_5B5F_8B45_41BD_252B692696A5_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Renewable is not enough: we need sustainable</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Technological assessment is a methodology used to study and evaluate the incorporation of new technologies into society and help develop a more sustainable process, product, or service. This incorporates three types of assessments (technical, economic, and environmental) and is based on data available in the literature and experimental data obtained in the lab or on a pilot scale. The technical assessment consists of modeling the processes and engineering plan, selecting the best equipment and layouts that will catalyze the development and sustainability of the process. Assessment of economic viability is intended to identify potential obstacles and opportunities and support decisions about sustainable investment. Environmental analysis is used to confirm that the final product is really sustainable, and can provide emissions inventories for pollutants and evaluate the environmental impacts caused over the entire life cycle.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_FE1276F4_9785_B15B_41D3_CE19D69F29E3_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Scanning electron microscopy</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The open microscopy facilities </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>offer the scientific community access to advanced material characterization techniques.</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> The scanning electron microscopes in this suite can conduct analyses at a resolution of up to 0.7 nanometers.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Both devices also provide nano-scale manipulators to prepare cross-sections and ultrafine samples that are used in another type of equipment: transmission electron microscopes. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>The images here illustrate some of the ways of manipulating elements on such a small scale.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_37277D13_9484_50DD_4190_733350E299BC_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sensor to control ethanol quality</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Considering how to control ethanol quality during production and sale, we developed a sensor that assesses the quality of this fuel in a simple, fast, and practical manner.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP) has determined that ethanol must be 94.5% pure by volume to be used directly as fuel. This device created at LNNano can confirm in seconds whether the ethanol in question meets this specification.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">It uses a sensor with two metallic electrodes, one of which is covered with a functional nanometer-thick layer. The electrodes are coupled together facing each other and immersed in the ethanol. The electrical response from the sensor makes it possible to determine the alcohol content of the fuel and immediately tell whether the fuel meets the standard for use.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_72D5E34F_5AC7_89DD_41C2_FD4B384D6B23_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Separating solids and liquids</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Product Recovery and Purification sector has a module specifically for </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>separating solids and liquids</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. Solid/liquid separation is a routine operation that is involved in many steps of the processes that take place in the plant. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>press filter</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is a conventional filtration device used to retain particles that are too large to pass through the pores of the filter, and is used for separation in chemical and biological processes, precipitates, and byproducts. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Nutsche filter</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> also uses filtering elements to retain particles that are larger than the pores in its filters, and is used to separate biomass after the pre-treatment step, for example. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>decanter centrifuge</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> continuously separates liquids with high levels of solids in suspension, for example suspensions containing vegetative biomass after the enzymatic hydrolysis stage.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA47EFA1_A498_F51D_41C0_6CF97AA61D22_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sindbis virus (SINV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus? </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Sindbis virus is one of the world's most widely distributed mosquito-borne viruses. It causes mild symptoms such as fever, itchy skin rashes, and muscle and joint pain that can persist for long periods.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. It was isolated in 1952 in Culex mosquitoes in the Sindbis district of Cairo, Egypt. Today it can be found throughout the world, but outbreaks have been registered in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Medications are used to treat the symptoms, like antihistamines for itching, non-salicylate pain relievers, and in some cases corticoids for joint pain.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FE8F754_E995_7D7E_41D0_F044E2CF6961_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Small intestine</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Higher-magnification confocal microscope image of the small intestine in an animal model showing the actin cytoskeleton in red and components of the enteric nervous system in green. Note the presence of a single cell (green) in the intestinal epithelium. This is called a neuroenteroendocrine cell, and has many characteristics similar to a neuron. This type of cell has also recently been linked to the onset of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Parkinson's disease. The cell nuclei are shown in blue. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_42123D88_5ADC_7942_41D0_A7D2293FB48F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Small-scale bioreactors</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B> bioreactors</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> at the LNBR/CNPEM facilities have </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>volumes</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> ranging from 200 ml to 20 liters. They are all equipped with sensors that can </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>monitor </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">a range of variables like temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen. These sensors provide a series of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>data</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> that can be used to better </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>understand </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">what happens to the metabolism of a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>microorganism</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> under the specific conditions determined for the experiment. This makes it possible to </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>identify </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">the best </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>strategy</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> to generate a product of interest in such a way that production is maximized and the process can be </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>scaled up</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0B511F19_505F_5A14_41D2_B4AE921B76A8_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Soil and plant analysis</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this space, the LNBR/CNPEM team uses modern equipment for autonomous analysis to </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>quantify</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> most of the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>chemical elements</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> present in soils, plants, and waste from agroindustry. These </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>analyses</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> are absolutely critical to understand </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>nutrient </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">cycling and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>greenhouse gas</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> balances in agricultural ecosystems. Carbon and nitrogen content in soil and biomass samples is analyzed using dry combustion, a fast, precise method that generates little waste. These assays make it possible to calculate the rates of carbon and nitrogen sequestering in agricultural soils. The results of these analyses, together with those obtained in other CNPEM facilities like assessment of microorganisms and soil microstructure, help us understand the main mechanisms and processes that drive emissions and carbon capture by agricultural soils.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_3617C311_5B94_0F21_41AD_E71FB44B140C_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Special conditions in electron microscopy suites</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Because the electron microscopy equipment at LNNano is state-of-the-art, strict engineering criteria were required to construct the building that houses this research infrastructure.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Electron microscopes, whether scanning or transmission, are so sensitive that the suites where they are located require acoustic insulation (green foam tiles) on the walls, for example. The center of each room also has a concrete block weighing several tons that insulates the space from the rest of the building and blocks external vibrations; the line on the floor is where this intersection takes place.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The electrical design has special features and uses materials that minimize the effect of the magnetic field in the microscopy spaces. Additionally, continuous electrical supply ensures the performance and integrity of the scientific equipment.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Meanwhile, the construction design allows overall and individual temperature control in the suites, providing thermic stability. The laboratory also offers support rooms for remote control of the microscopes, keeping the environment as neutral as possible for analyses.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA478F9F_A498_F525_41CA_9CA2B2E12705_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The St. Louis Encephalitis virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and belongs to the same family of other important disease-causing viruses like dengue and zika. Although most infections are asymptomatic, severe cases may cause encephalitis.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. The first outbreak of SLEV infections occurred in the 1930s in the American city of St. Louis, Missouri. Here in Brazil, the virus was first found in mosquitoes in the Amazon region during the 1960s, but the first outbreak occurred in 2006 in the city of São José do Rio Preto. Today, it circulates throughout the Americas, from north to south.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There are still no vaccines or medications to treat the infection caused by SLEV. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_017A9A30_5039_3A15_41B8_BFBE2484252D_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Start here!</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">To reduce environmental impacts and maximize agricultural production, LNBR/CNPEM works to reveal the interactions between soil, plants, and microorganisms, seeking solutions for more sustainable agriculture.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">•  Did you know that Brazilian soils have major potential to capture carbon from the atmosphere, which increases the productive capacity of agricultural soils and reduces global warming?</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">  •  Did you know that the use of nitrogen fertilizers is a key source of greenhouse gases from agriculture, and that we can manipulate microorganisms in the soil to reduce these emissions? </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.499999999999998px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">  •  Did you know that many microorganisms are beneficial, and can be used as biofertilizers and agricultural biodefenses, reducing environmental pollution and improving the quality of agricultural products?</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_C30A9B0F_A488_FD25_41D8_92E96C14E682_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Stem cells: Differentiation into brain organoids</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Most processes begin with cell differentiation, which is the process of transforming a stem cell into an organ-specific cell.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6FC75662_50D9_6A35_41CB_940AB248BB46_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sterile environment and growth incubators (flow room) </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The development of more efficient microorganisms and enzymes for various industrial applications requires many steps involving the manipulation of microorganisms in a sterile environment that is free from undesired contaminants. A laminar flow cabinet is a piece of equipment that provides a sterile workspace for manipulating organisms. The surface of this cabinet is decontaminated regularly using ultraviolet light, which disables the contaminating microorganisms. Filtered air also constantly flows out of the cabinet, which stops potentially contaminated outside air from entering the sterile area. The microorganisms of interest are then transferred into sterile containers holding a nutrient-rich medium. Next, these containers are kept in incubators that control agitation and ambient temperature, conditions that are important for the replication of these microorganisms.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_199732F9_5B43_88C5_41D1_ECA9CAD282DD_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Strengths of the Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Developing capacity is at the center of our partnerships. These factors make LNBR/CNPEM a major partner in helping biorenewable and sustainable projects reach society:</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> •  Experience with various types of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>biomass.</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> LNBR is one of the main research and development institutions that looks for industrial applications for </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>sugarcane</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> and its byproducts, for example.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">  •  </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Rational </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">development of high-performance biological platforms (microorganisms and enzymes), avoiding trial-and-error.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">  •  Computational </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>biocatalysis </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>crystallography with synchrotron light </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">to help develop biological platforms.  </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">  •  Planning and scaling processes and technologies up to the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>semi-industrial level. </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">  •  </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Technical and economical assessment</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> of technologies and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>life cycle analysis </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">for products.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">  • Monitoring </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>ecosystem </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">services at the regional and national scale in order to support strategies for sustainable use of biomass.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">  •  Proven experience with conception and management of large-scale R&amp;D projects with many interfaces and multiple stakeholders.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_4B332FAF_5057_3A0B_41B3_1A71A70306F4_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sustainability Assessment</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In order to change the current model of the economy based on fossil (non-renewable) sources, it is necessary to transform it to an industrial production model that minimizes the impact on the environment and optimizes the use of natural resources. For scientific discoveries and new technologies to reach society more quickly, tests are needed under different conditions and production scales. LNBR/CNPEM has a Pilot Plant on a semi-industrial scale to assist in this technological transformation. And as not every renewable product is sustainable, a technological assessment is also necessary, which includes technical, economic and environmental aspects, to encourage the adoption of sustainable technologies by the productive sector. LNBR/CNPEM uses a Virtual Biorefinery platform to evaluate the technologies involved in the production of biorenewables. It also develops a geo-referenced sustainability assessment platform that can be applied to assess the environmental and economic performance of various bioproducts and at different geographic scales.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_5FB2F702_5057_6BF5_41BC_B7C3DF142229_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Sustainable Development Goals (UN)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Imagine a future in which we can enjoy peace and prosperity, where poverty doesn't exist, the environment is protected, and the climate is in balance. This is the future envisioned by the United Nations, and to attain it the Agenda 2030, a global plan made up of the Sustainable </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Development Goals</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (SDG), was launched in 2015. There are 17 ambitious, interconnected goals that address the main development challenges faced by people in Brazil and around the world. LNBR/CNPEM is aligned with these objectives to develop technologies for sustainable production of biorenewables. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>This activity includes Climate Action</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (SDG 13), catalyzes production of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Affordable and Clean Energy</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (SDG 7) via advanced biofuels, encourages preservation of </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Life on Land </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">(SDG 15) by monitoring and assessing impacts on ecosystems, stimulates </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Responsible Consumption and Production </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">(SDG 12), and drives </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">(SDG 9) by developing innovative biotechnology solutions. We are committed to seeking out </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Partnerships</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (SDG 17) to address scientific challenges and create technologies that promote sustainable development.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_42804D39_5079_DE17_41CA_495411FFEC30_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Synthetic biology</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Synthetic biology consists of integrating various principles from biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering in order to design and construct new metabolic pathways and modify organisms to optimize and direct their function for industrial applications. In the area of biorenewables, approaches from synthetic biology have become increasingly noteworthy for expanding scientific knowledge as well as developing biotechnologies that can transform agroindustrial waste into biochemicals, bioplastics, or biofuels. LNBR/CNPEM has concentrated its efforts to position itself at the cutting edge of synthetic biology and related areas like systems biology, computational biology, protein engineering and design, and metabolic engineering.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0D9BADD5_A13D_AC9B_41CB_0BB2F7C81D18_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Synthetic chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>2. The second stage consists of purifying the product, in other words separating the product from the rest of the reaction mixture. </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This can be accomplished in various ways, depending on the physical and chemical properties of the product. The most common methods are: </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">a. acid-base extraction, mixing a solvent that does not dissolve in water with water containing acid or a base, strongly agitating the mixture to momentarily mix and encourage each compound to go to the solvent it is most attracted to. The product generally remains in the organic solvent and the subproducts remain in the water.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">b. chromatography purification, where the reaction mixture is passed through a silica gel or resin, using solvents suitable for separating products and subproducts, depending on how much they "stick" in this gel.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">c. finally, recrystallization of the productconsists of dissolving it in a hot solvent in which it is not soluble at room temperature, but in which the subproducts are always soluble. When cooled, the product crystallizes, in other words it becomes solid because it is no longer soluble in the "cold" solvent.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0D99EDD3_A13D_AC9F_41E0_6A7373B50A6B_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Synthetic chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>3. Finally, we must confirm that the desired product was successfully obtained, </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">using analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (which provides structural information) or mass spectrometry (which confirms the molecular mass of the product; in other words, its weight). </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">After confirming that the desired product has been obtained, we can move to the next stage in synthesis, and so on.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_0D9B3DD6_A13D_AC99_41BC_84C06CCFF5AE_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Synthetic chemistry</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In practice, after planning the reactional conditions, a synthesis process consists of three stages:</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>1. The experiment itself.</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">We often mix the starting molecules with reagents that "activate" these molecules, all in a solution that makes it easy for the various compounds to encounter each other. Sometimes the medium must be heated to stimulate the reaction, or even cooled when the mixture is very reactive. Additionally, it may be necessary to remove the airfrom the environment; air brings with it oxygen and humidity, which can hinder the reaction. To do this, we need to replace this atmosphere with inert (non-reactive) gases like pure nitrogen or argon contained in a balloon.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_7FEDD81E_50C9_260C_4191_25A6D5B74AAE_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>The power of metabolomics</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Metabolomics are the analysis we use to discover microorganisms and enzymes that can revolutionize the industry. It is a mass spectrometry-based analysis of various classes of small molecules and metabolites for different biological systems. Metabolomics studies the set of substances generated by a biologic system called metabolites. With it, it is possible to detect and identify molecules relevant to the industry, allowing to point out more efficient metabolic pathways that make it possible to genetically benefit microorganisms involved in the production of biorenewables. Mass spectrometry is a tool that assists in detecting unknown compounds and their quantification, in addition to helping to decipher the chemical and structural properties of molecules. Thus, mass spectrometry is a powerful technique used to identify proteins and new enzymes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_26AEA383_3911_87A9_41C8_EB357A049E89_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Titulo do Box</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Diversos microrganismos produzem enzimas capazes de transformar resíduos agroindustriais em produtos com ampla aplicação em vários setores, desde fármacos, cosméticos, até bioplásticos e biocombustíveis. Uma etapa importante para se estudar e desenvolver esses microrganismos e suas enzimas é descobrir que tipo de matéria prima eles são capazes de transformar e quais produtos eles conseguem produzir. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_6856BD50_50F7_7E15_41CF_752ADB690C1B_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Titulo do Box</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Diversos microrganismos produzem enzimas capazes de transformar resíduos agroindustriais em produtos com ampla aplicação em vários setores, desde fármacos, cosméticos, até bioplásticos e biocombustíveis. Uma etapa importante para se estudar e desenvolver esses microrganismos e suas enzimas é descobrir que tipo de matéria prima eles são capazes de transformar e quais produtos eles conseguem produzir. A natureza existe uma grande diversidade de estratégias nesta biotransformação. Para entender os mecanismos da natureza é fundamental o uso de técnicas de química analítica que permitem identificar e quantificar as moléculas envolvidas. O LNBR/CNPEM possui uma Central Analítica composta de vários equipamentos que realiza uma série de análises como de açúcares, álcoois, ácidos orgânicos, compostos fenólicos, cátions, ânions, gases do efeito estufa, carbono, nitrogênio, hidrogênio, enxofre e oxigênio elementar e multi-elementos. Exemplos de técnicas de química analítica disponíveis no LNBR/CNPEM é a cromatografia a gás acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC/MS) e a cromatografia líquida de alta pressão (HPLC). Também se realiza análises térmicas, análises espectrofotométricas e análises de distribuição de tamanho de partículas. Integrado com outros estudos, esse conhecimento nos permite descobrir novas estratégias de biotransformação ou otimizá-las para aplicações em contextos industriais. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_4313CBEF_507A_DA0B_41A0_4EEEE839AD49_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Titulo do Box</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Diversos microrganismos produzem enzimas capazes de transformar resíduos agroindustriais em produtos com ampla aplicação em vários setores, desde fármacos, cosméticos, até bioplásticos e biocombustíveis. Uma etapa importante para se estudar e desenvolver esses microrganismos e suas enzimas é descobrir que tipo de matéria prima eles são capazes de transformar e quais produtos eles conseguem produzir. A natureza existe uma grande diversidade de estratégias nesta biotransformação. Para entender os mecanismos da natureza é fundamental o uso de técnicas de química analítica que permitem identificar e quantificar as moléculas envolvidas. O LNBR/CNPEM possui uma Central Analítica composta de vários equipamentos que realiza uma série de análises como de açúcares, álcoois, ácidos orgânicos, compostos fenólicos, cátions, ânions, gases do efeito estufa, carbono, nitrogênio, hidrogênio, enxofre e oxigênio elementar e multi-elementos. Exemplos de técnicas de química analítica disponíveis no LNBR/CNPEM é a cromatografia a gás acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC/MS) e a cromatografia líquida de alta pressão (HPLC). Também se realiza análises térmicas, análises espectrofotométricas e análises de distribuição de tamanho de partículas. Integrado com outros estudos, esse conhecimento nos permite descobrir novas estratégias de biotransformação ou otimizá-las para aplicações em contextos industriais. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_429BFE11_507A_DA17_41C7_3EF26D705B76_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Titulo do Box</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Diversos microrganismos produzem enzimas capazes de transformar resíduos agroindustriais em produtos com ampla aplicação em vários setores, desde fármacos, cosméticos, até bioplásticos e biocombustíveis. Uma etapa importante para se estudar e desenvolver esses microrganismos e suas enzimas é descobrir que tipo de matéria prima eles são capazes de transformar e quais produtos eles conseguem produzir. A natureza existe uma grande diversidade de estratégias nesta biotransformação. Para entender os mecanismos da natureza é fundamental o uso de técnicas de química analítica que permitem identificar e quantificar as moléculas envolvidas. O LNBR/CNPEM possui uma Central Analítica composta de vários equipamentos que realiza uma série de análises como de açúcares, álcoois, ácidos orgânicos, compostos fenólicos, cátions, ânions, gases do efeito estufa, carbono, nitrogênio, hidrogênio, enxofre e oxigênio elementar e multi-elementos. Exemplos de técnicas de química analítica disponíveis no LNBR/CNPEM é a cromatografia a gás acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC/MS) e a cromatografia líquida de alta pressão (HPLC). Também se realiza análises térmicas, análises espectrofotométricas e análises de distribuição de tamanho de partículas. Integrado com outros estudos, esse conhecimento nos permite descobrir novas estratégias de biotransformação ou otimizá-las para aplicações em contextos industriais. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA47EF9E_A498_F524_41DB_5B3BFD68F7BF_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Usutu virus (USUV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The Usutu virus is transmitted by mosquitoes in the Culex genus, and birds are its main hosts. Infection can occur in humans, however, and is characterized by a non-specific febrile state. Some people may develop severe neurological symptoms such as encephalitis and meningoencephalitis. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The virus was first identified in 1959 in southern Africa, in a Culex sp. mosquito. Since that time, it has been circulating in African and European countries. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is no specific treatment for this disease. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_A8DBCA73_5D9C_F9E1_41CB_27C09BC84152_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Vacuum Technology Laboratory and Materials Study and Characterization Laboratory</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The “red building” is where the Vacuum Technology and Materials Study and Characterization Laboratories are located. These labs plan and construct systems based on vacuum and ultra-high vacuum systems, as well as techniques that bring together special materials and planning and constructing supercomputing and cryogenics systems. There is also infrastructure for materials analysis and characterization.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_23D59226_489D_E00E_41D1_9AB443D9E849_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Vacuum chambers</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Vacuum chambers physically define the environment in which the electron beam moves under the influence of the electromagnetic fields produced by the magnets in the magnetic lattice.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This environment must be practically free of gas molecules, since collisions between the electron beam and gas molecules could cause the loss of stored electrons and a rapid decrease in the beam's current. For this reason, the average pressure throughout the vacuum environment needs to be a trillion times less than atmospheric pressure on Earth, more similar to the pressure on the lunar surface. This value corresponds to what is conventionally called ultra-high vacuum, and requires various special techniques to be produced.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA476F9E_A498_F527_41D6_73B1AB55D115_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>West Nile virus (WNV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">It is a virus in the family Flaviviridae transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. The symptoms resemble the flu: fever, joint and muscle pain, fatigue, malaise, headache, and retro-orbital pain (around the eyes). In more severe cases, the virus can invade the nervous system, causing meningitis and encephalitis.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. It was first isolated in Uganda in 1937. Since then it has been reported in Europe, the Middle East, and North America.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">There is no specific treatment for this disease. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_43DDE0D8_7D12_B48B_41D2_317A70A8EDDD_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What are enzymes, and how do we make them?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Enzymes</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>proteins</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> that can be considered “molecular machines” present in nature that accelerate chemical reactions. These “machines” are composed of hundreds of parts (amino acids) which in turn are made up of dozens of atoms. The proper organization of these elements in a </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>3D structure</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is essential for the enzyme to carry out its function. In order for naturally occurring enzymes to be utilized in </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>industrial applications</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, they often need to be </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>modified </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">or </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>optimized</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, since most industrial processes occur under different conditions of temperature, pH, additives, etc. To guide the development of enzymes that are even faster, efficient, and tolerant for the desired applications, we first need to understand how each enzyme is organized and functions at the atomic level. This involves computational </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>simulations </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">of molecular dynamics based on classical or quantic mechanics, or hybrid techniques where different levels of theory are applied according to each system and each chemical reaction that is the target of study. These complex simulations require significant processing capacity, and are often only possible with </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>supercomputers</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. When the process is complete, we can see an enzymatic reaction occurring on the computer screen and propose new solutions for better performance of industrial enzymes.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_27CF7C32_010E_0530_4174_BF54ED7ADB1F_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What are omics and how are they used?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Genomics is the study of the complete genome of organisms, which is all the genetic information contained in the nucleotide sequence in the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>DNA</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> of all its cells. This science makes it possible to analyze and compare organisms to understand their characteristics (phenotype). In research at LNBR/CNPEM involving biotechnology, we often need to combine the information provided by the DNA with additional data to better understand how organisms function. The approaches adopted by researchers often involve the omics: genomics (DNA), transcriptomics (RNA), </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>proteomics</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (proteins), </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>metabolomics </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">(metabolites), and even </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>microbiomics</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (communities of microorganisms). We can summarize them by saying that the omics involve the sciences that study target molecules, as defined below:</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Genomics:</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> sequence of nucleotides contained in the DNA of an organism.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Transcriptomics: </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">group of RNA transcribed from an organism at a certain time.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Proteomics: </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">group of proteins produced by an organism at a certain time.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Metabolomics:</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> group of metabolites (small molecules) produced by an organism at a certain time.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">In this facility, LNBR/CNPEM utilizes omics tools to study biological systems of biotechnological interest such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and complex microbial communities to understand how they function at the molecular level (invisible to the naked eye).</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_64416681_5B5C_8B45_41BD_65E36E6A8896_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What are “utilities?”</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Most equipment in the Pilot Plant requires vapor, cold/cool water, and/or compressed air to function. The utilities sector has the infrastructure to provide these inputs so that all the other systems and equipment in the Pilot Plant can operate smoothly. </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>The GLP Center </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">provides gas that powers the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>vapor generators</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, which in turn provide saturated vapor for various types of processes. This vapor is used to heat or sterilize equipment and in processes, and can be provided in pressures ranging from 2 to 35 bar, corresponding to temperatures of 130 to 240 °C. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>cooling tower </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>chiller </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">provide cool (near room temperature) and cold (8 °C) water, respectively. Meanwhile, the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>compressors </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">provide compressed air at 10 bar of pressure. More information about this equipment can be found in the images.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_46E878C3_5AC4_B8C5_4185_2B9C73E4FC36_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What do we do in this bioprocess facility?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">When LNBR studies find microorganisms that demonstrate </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>potential for industrial applications</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, assessment of the stages involved to obtain the product(s) begins. All together, these stages are called </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>bioprocesses</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, and testing begins at a small scale involving milliliters, and can reach several hundred liters. This type of study is called </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>scaling</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. We begin with a petri dish containing the microorganism, and transfer it into a submerged culture in a liquid medium. From this liquid that now contains the culture medium and the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>microorganism</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, tests begin in the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>bioreactors </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">to determine the best way to utilize the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>carbon source</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> (for example, sugars or biomass) and </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>maximize</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> generation of the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>products of interest</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. But what's a bioreactor? A </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>bioreactor</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is nothing more than a tank where culturing conditions can be controlled during the experiment; these include temperature, pH, oxygen, and other variables that affect the metabolism of the microorganisms and can make the process more efficient. The </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>results obtained </B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">for these and other variables make it possible to better understand the metabolism of the microorganism and propose transformations to it and changes to the bioprocess itself, which take place in other facilities. With the </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>development of bioprocesses</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">, production of biorenewables can be taken to </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>new levels</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> that are interesting from an industrial </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>point of view</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">. The photos how these studies are done.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_E8D46FB1_AAAA_96BB_41E3_667C120E21AF_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is Computational Biology, and for what it's used?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Computational biology is a multidisciplinary area of science that uses computers to understand our biological system. Through algorithms, computational biology allows the understanding of the functions of our genes and how our proteins are structured to regulate various body activities. With computational methods, we can also find or develop new molecules that may, in the future, become drugs for disease treatments. Currently, the applications of the methods in Artificial Intelligence are revolutionizing computational biology with unprecedented learning resources to process complex biological data, thus contributing to solving relevant problems.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_180A4C12_5B5F_9F47_41B9_7984A96AE72C_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is a biorefinery?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">A refinery extracts various products like gasoline, diesel fuel, and lubricants from petroleum. A biorefinery extracts various products from biomass, like fuels, chemicals, and materials. But unlike petroleum, biomass is renewable, and products made from it have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass can be first-generation (for example, sugarcane, corn, and soybeans), using sugars, starches, or oils from vegetation, or second-generation, using lignocellulosic materials like waste from agroindustry (like sugarcane bagasse, for example) or from forestry (what is left after eucalyptus trees are harvested, for instance). After chemical, biochemical, or thermochemical processes in the biorefinery, the biomass can produce biofuels or bioproducts, which we call biorenewable products since they come from renewable sources. One example of a biorefinery in Brazil is a sugarcane mill, which produces ethanol, sugar, energy, and other products from sugarcane.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0D9A8DD7_A13D_AC87_41DE_7C56C1BAB7E8_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is synthetic chemistry? </B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Synthetic chemistry</B></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> is the science that deals with the production of molecules, which can be visualized as interlocking blocks, with smaller pieces (molecules) combining to construct the final molecule. There are hundreds of different reactions or reactional mechanisms, which will depend on the type of starting molecules (the blocks, in this example) that can be utilized together.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p></div>
HTMLText_0757FF4D_979D_CF45_41D8_D1A83E0CA0EE_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>X-ray microtomography</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Microtomography is a technique that detects X-rays transmitted through different types of materials. Specialized software is used to reconstruct 2D images in 3D, revealing details about the form and composition of internal structures on a micrometric or sub-micrometric scale.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Besides the 2D and 3D images of the samples, this technique also makes it possible to obtain quantitative data on properties such as porosity, density between different phases, size calculation, and particle distribution.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The video (provided by the Bruker Corporation) shows an example of a piece of bone observed from several angles.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"> </SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0D593A7A_9484_B14F_41E0_A486087B6252_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>X-ray microtomography</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">X-ray microtomography</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Microtomography is a technique that detects X-rays transmitted through different types of materials. Specialized software is used to reconstruct 2D images in 3D, revealing details about the form and composition of internal structures on a micrometric or sub-micrometric scale.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Besides the 2D and 3D images of the samples, this technique also makes it possible to obtain quantitative data on properties such as porosity, density between different phases, size calculation, and particle distribution. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The video (provided by the Bruker Corporation) shows an example of a piece of bone observed from several angles.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_0373CA25_9784_50C5_41BE_E3612049D647_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>X-ray-excited photoelectron spectrometry (XPS)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">This device is used for chemical analysis of very fine surface layers of many different kinds of samples ranging from 1 to 10 nanometers thick. XPS is essential to determine the photoelectrical effect of materials, in other words, the emission of electrons by a given material when it is exposed to strong electromagnetic radiation.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Samples are irradiated with X-rays and the resulting photoelectrons are resolved as a function of kinetic energy. By analyzing the spectra, it is possible to deduce the elemental composition and chemical and electronic state of the elements.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_7C5D068A_A497_F72F_41DB_3004904AAFE6_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Yellow Fever virus</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by Haemagogus, Sabethes, and Aedes mosquitoes. The most common symptoms are fever, muscle and predominantly lower back pain, headache, loss of appetite, and nausea or vomiting. Some patients experience a second phase of infection after 3 or 4 days. This second phase is more severe, with a higher risk of death; the symptoms are yellowed skin and eyes, dark urine, abdominal pain with vomiting, and bleeding. </SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. The first documented New World epidemic took place in 1647 on Barbados. Today the virus is endemic in tropical areas of Africa, Central America, and South America.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">The most effective way to prevent this disease is vaccination.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>
HTMLText_DA471F9A_A498_F52F_41D9_499B33D46ED1_mobile.html = <div style="text-align:left; color:#000; "><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:13px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="color:#732aa4;font-size:13px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Zika virus (ZIKV)</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>What is this virus?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">Zika is a virus transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. Infection causes low-grade fever, skin rash, headaches, joint pain, malaise, and conjunctivitis. Zika infections are also associated with microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in some cases.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is this virus new? Where is it found?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">No. It was first isolated in monkeys in 1947 in the Zika Forest of Uganda. Until that time, there were sporadic cases in Africa and Asia. In 2014 it reached the Americas, and the first cases in Brazil were registered in 2015. At this time, 86 countries have reported the presence of the virus.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV><p STYLE="margin:0; line-height:10.5px;"><BR STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-size:8px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"/></p><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';"><B>Is there a treatment?</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV STYLE="text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;"><SPAN STYLE="display:inline-block; letter-spacing:0px; white-space:pre-wrap;color:#000000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:10.5px;font-family:'Open Sans';">At this time there are no treatments or vaccines approved against infection by the Zika virus.</SPAN></SPAN></DIV></div>

## Tour

### Description
tour.description = Visit CNPEM 360, an unprecedented virtual tour of the campus of the National Center for Research in Energy and Materials.

### Title
tour.name = CNPEM 360_